The article presents the results of a long-term analysis of the organization of the crop rotation system, saturated to varying degrees with grain crops in comparison with the permanent cultivation of winter wheat, barley and also permanent clean fallows on the gray forest soil of Kama region of the Republic of Tatarstan. Crop rotations with clean and occupied fallows were studied: pure fallows-winter rye - spring wheat; vetch-oat mixture - winter rye - spring wheat; peas for grain - winter rye - spring wheat. The accounting area of the plots was 800 m2. The experiment was repeated three times; the options were randomized. The experience is based on two backgrounds of fertilizers: medium and high. Fertilizers were calculated by the calculation and balance method for a given yield. For the average background, the given pea yield per grain was 2.0 tons per hectare, vetch-oat mixture per green mass - 20.0 tons per hectare, winter rye - 2.5 tons per hectare. For an increased background, pea yield per grain was set at 3.0 tons per hectare, vetch-oat mixture per green mass - 28.0 tons per hectare, winter rye - 3.0 tons per hectare. A relatively high yield (3.7-3.9 tons per hectare) of pure steam on calculated fertilizer backgrounds was achieved due to uniform seed placement (91.9%), good field germination (85.4-88.4%) and more intensive growth and development of winter rye. However, it should be emphasized that the yield of winter rye in occupied pairs is not inferior to the yield in pure fallows in years with optimal moisture.
The article presents the results of long-term research in the field of management of soil fertility factors in the northern part of the forest-steppe of the Middle Volga region. The preservation of productive moisture reserves and the rational use of soil fertility, as well as its reproduction, remains a necessary condition for optimizing agricultural landscapes and increasing the productivity of agrocenoses. Improving the technology of cultivation of agricultural crops plays an important role in increasing the sustainability and yield of cultural cenosis. Precursors and crop rotation remain one of the most important elements in crop cultivation technologies. Despite the importance of these elements, there is a weakening of attention to the introduction and development of crop rotations, both in our republic and in the whole country. The studies conducted over 23 years have shown the influence of precursors in crop rotation on the phosphate regime of gray forest soil in the conditions of the Ancestral region of the Republic of Tatarstan. Thus, when placing rye after peas on grain, there was an increase in the content of mobile phosphorus during the growing season against the average background of fertilizers applied (the planned yield level is 2.5 grains/ha). The influence of various precursors on the incidence and development of the most common diseases of winter rye has been established; Pucciniarecondite Robergeex Desmas. f.sp. secales, Bipolarissorokiniana Shoemaker. Conducted long-term studies have also established the influence of precursors on the yield of winter rye and spring wheat in the conditions of gray forest soils of the Ancestral region of the Republic of Tatarstan.
The article presents the results of three years of research on the study of the photosynthetic activity of Dicoccum plants (emmer) depending on the methods of agricultural technology (sowing time, predecessors, different levels of nutrition) in the conditions of gray forest soils of the middle Volga region. During the years of research, relatively favorable meteorological conditions were created for the growth and development of wheat of the willower (emmer). Observations, surveys, analyzes for the growth and development of wheat emmer made it possible to establish that in all the years of research, the dynamics of accumulation of dry matter to the phase of plant entry into the tube are not dependent on their predecessors, the time of sowing and food background is weak. As is known, during this period, the formation and enhanced growth of the root system and the formation of the generative organs take place. After the plants entered the tube before the beginning of the milky ripeness, an intensive increase in dry matter was observed, especially for the predecessor of one-year-old clover in the first term of sowing when applying the calculated rates of fertilizers. The collection of dry organic matter, the assimilation power of wheatgrass plants was higher in the first term of sowing according to its predecessor, one-year-old clover and vetch + oats to the green mass, regardless of the food background. The planting dates, as well as the precursors, have a significant impact on the dynamics of leaf surface growth and the increase in dry biomass. More favorable conditions for the photosynthetic activity on wheat crops, double-weeds (emmer) are created during early sowing of the precursors of one-year-old clover and vico-oatmeal mixture for green fodder, regardless of the food background.
5УДК 634.7 АДАПТАЦИЯ СОРТОВ ЖИМОЛОСТИ В УСЛОВИЯХ ПРЕДКАМЬЯ РЕСПУБЛИКИ ТАТАРСТАН Абрамова Г.В., Миникаев Р.В., Шаламова А.А Реферат. Жимолость синяя (Lonicera сaeruleae Rehd.) представляет большой интерес для промышленного и любительского садоводства Республики Татарстан, как культура с ежегодным плодоношением и ранним созреванием плодов. В статье представлены данные исследований, за период с 2012 по 2015 гг. в учебном саду Казанского ГАУ по продуктивности жимолости: изучению массы плодов, их вкусовые качества, урожайность изучаемых сортов. Продуктивность сортов жимолости составила от 0,76 до 0,82 кг с куста, средняя масса ягоды сортов была в пределах от 0,74 до 0,88 г. 2008 года посадки. У сортов Лазурная и Синяя птица, 2010 года посадки, урожайность составила 0,41 и 0,33 кг, масса плода -0,79 г и 0,71 г соответственно. За годы исследований были выявлены наиболее продуктивные сорта жимолости: Нимфа, Длинноплодная, Волхова (0,80-0,82 кг на куст). Изучаемые сорта жимолости характеризуются по крупноплодности, вкусу и качеству плодов. Наиболее крупными ягодами обладают сорта Длинноплодная (0,89 г) и Нимфа (0,81 г). Наибольшая длина плода была у сорта Нимфа -2,9 см, у сортов Длинноплодная и Голубое веретено -2,6 см. Сорта Волхова, Нимфа и Лазурная имели высокие вкусовые качества плодов до 5 баллов, сорта Длинноплодная, Бакчарская -4,8 -4,7 баллов соответственно. Результаты свидетельствуют, что испытуемые сорта жимолости можно рекомендовать для выращивания в фермерских хозяйствах и любительском садоводстве в условиях Предкамья Республики Татарстан.Ключевые слова: жимолость, ягодная культура, сорта, фенофаза, садоводство, урожайность, масса, сортоизучение, качество, ягода. ADAPTATION OF HONEYSUCKLE VARIETIES ON THE KAMA REGION OF THE REPUBLICOF TATARSTAN Abramova G.V., Minikaev R.V., Shalamova A.A. Abstract. Blue honeysuckle (Lonicera caeruleae Rehd.) is of great interest for the industrial and amateur gardening of the Republic of Tatarstan, as a culture with annual fruiting and early ripening of fruits. The article presents research data for the period from 2012 to 2015 in the training garden of Kazan State Agrarian University on the honeysuckle productivity: the study of the fruits' mass, its taste, productivity of the studied varieties. The productivity of honeysuckle varieties ranged from 0.76 to 0.82 kg per bush, the average weight of berries was in the range from 0.74 to 0.88 gramm of 2008 year of planting. The productivity of Lazurnaya and Sinyaa ptitsa varieties of 2010 year planting was 0.41 and 0.33 kg, fruit weight -0.79 g and 0.71 g, respectively. Over the years of research, the most productive varieties of honeysuckle have been identified: Nimfa, Dlinnoplodnaya, Volkhova (0.80-0.82 kg per bush). The studied varieties of honeysuckle are characterized by large-fruited, taste and quality of fruits. The largest berries have such varieties as Dlinnoplodnaya (0.89 g) and Nimfa (0.81 g). The longest fruit of Nimfa variety was -2.9 cm, Dlinnoplodnaya and Goluboe vereteno varieties -2.6 cm. Such varities, as Volkhov...
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