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BackgroundThe aim of this study was to evaluate visual outcomes for different working distances (far, 60 cm and 33 cm) and impact on vision quality of multifocal IOLs AcrySof ResTOR SN6AD1 and SN6AD3 (Alcon, Inc., Fort Worth, Texas, USA) as well as REVIEW FIL611PV multifocal and OPTOFLEX FIL618 accommodative IOLs (Soleko, Ltd., Rome, Italy) in patients undergoing bilateral phacoemulsification.MethodsIn this observational prospective study 63 patients undergoing binocular cataract surgery were divided into four groups for implantation of one of the IOLs under evaluation. Visual outcomes were evaluated at 1 day, 7 days, 1 month, 3 months and 6 months after surgery. Patients’ satisfaction and spectacle independence were evaluated with questionnaires administered at the 6-months follow-up.ResultsImprovements in visual acuity for the three working distances were statistically significant in all cases compared to the preoperative status, especially after binocular implantation. The AcrySof ReSTOR SN6AD1 multifocal IOL provided the best visual acuity results and tolerability for all working distances. While performing worse than SN6AD1, FIL611PV and FIL618 provided better uncorrected visual acuity and spectacles independence for intermediate/close-up and far distances respectively, in comparison with the SN6AD3 group.ConclusionsSN6AD1 was confirmed the best choice for all working distances. However, FIL611PV IOL may represent a valid and more cost-effective alternative, especially if surgeons intend to prioritize spectacle independence and patient autonomy at intermediate and close-up distances, in accordance to specific needs and requests.Trial registrationTrial retrospectively registered in ISRCTN Registry on 02/02/2017. TRN: ISRCTN14145737.

The departure from the 1:1 ratio in the amounts of La and Gd determined in the investigated tissues has been used to gain information on the role of the complex stability and "wash-out" kinetics. The behavior of the less s` La-DTPA highlights processes occurring for Gd-DTPA at a slower rate.The herein obtained results support the view that most of the La/Gd retained in the brain arises from the intact chelate that has extravasated immediately after the intravenous administration. Long-term deposition of metal ions from internal reservoirs seems particularly relevant for liver and spleen.

The study aims to quantify the incidence of ocular complications in patients irradiated on the head and neck area in our medical center, stratified by type of neoplasm and radiation dose received. Materials and Methods: From an existing database of patients radio-treated in our center, we selected 25 patients irradiated in the 2011-2018 period. The patients had been treated for orbital lymphoma, nasopharyngeal carcinoma and cranial base meningioma. The selected patients received an ophthalmologic evaluation which included a complete ophthalmological and orthoptic assessment. Results: Our results showed a significantly higher incidence of DES (dry eye syndrome) and corneal complications for eyes receiving a Dmax higher than 40 Gy, as well as for cataract incidence in eyes that had received a Dmax to the lens higher than 5 Gy. We found an overall thinning of the RNFL (retinal nerve fiber layer) in eyes that had received a Dmax higher than 50 Gy, as well as a greater MD (mean deviation) from normal visual field values. Conclusion: In conclusion, we can say that the study confirms the presence of a correlation between the received radiation dose and the onset of eye complications, despite the small sample.

Artificial intelligence (AI) is a subset of computer science dealing with the development and training of algorithms that try to replicate human intelligence. We report a clinical overview of the basic principles of AI that are fundamental to appreciating its application to ophthalmology practice. Here, we review the most common eye diseases, focusing on some of the potential challenges and limitations emerging with the development and application of this new technology into ophthalmology.