Background: Research on the longer-term sequelae of COVID-19 in patients with asthma is limited. Objective: To assess the frequency and severity of long-term symptoms of COVID-19 in the population of asthma patients. Methods: A systematic review of the published literature was conducted in accordance with the recommendations of the PRISMA statement. EMBASE, MEDLINE/PubMed, Web of Science, CINAHL, and Scopus Scholar were searched for terms related to asthma and post or long COVID-19, and for systematic reviews related to specific questions within our review, up to June 2022. Results: Data from 9 references publications included in the review were extracted. A total of 1466 adult asthmatic patients with COVID-19 infection were described in all the publications mentioned above. Of the long-term symptoms reported after COVID-19, patients indicated: lower respiratory symptoms, fatigue, cognitive symptoms, psychological problems, and other such as skin rashes, gastrointestinal disorders, tachycardia, palpitations, ocular disorders, ageusia/hypogeusia, anosmia/hyposmia, and poor sleep quality. These symptoms in similar intensity were observed in the comparison groups without a diagnosis of asthma. Conclusions: The published data neither confirm nor deny that long-term COVID-19 symptoms in patients with asthma diagnosis are different in strength and frequency from patients without asthma diagnosis. To indicate associations between asthma and COVID-19 infection and severity, as well as the frequency of long-term symptoms of COVID-19, more longitudinal research is needed in chronic asthma patients with different phenotypes, intensity of treatment, and degree of asthma control.
Background: Inspiratory muscle training (IMT) is a non-pharmacological, non-invasive therapeutic method that can improve the quality of life in patients with obstructive lung diseases. The effectiveness of IMT may depends on the type of the device used in the training and the parameters of the training programme.
Objectives: The aim of the review was to present different techniques and protocols of IMT used in patients with obstructive lung diseases.
Methods: The MEDLINE and EMBASE were searched to identify the potentially eligible publications from the previous 5 years. The various protocols of IMT used in different studies were analysed and described in detail.
Results: A database search identified 333 records, of which 22 were included into the final analysis. All of the finally analysed studies were conducted in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The protocols of IMT used in the studies differed in the type of the device used, the duration of the training programme, the number and the duration of training sessions, the initial load, and the rate at which the load was changed during the training.
Conclusions: IMT is used mainly in studies on patients with COPD and not with asthma. There is no one approved training programme for IMT. The most predominant type of IMT is a training with threshold loading. The most frequently used devices for IMT are POWERbreath and Threshold IMT. The protocols of IMT used in the studies are very diverse.
Introduction: In subject-based literature, there are no studies in which the results obtained simultaneously from surface electromyography of respiratory muscles and measurements of maximal respiratory pressures in stroke patients would be analysed.
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