The purpose of this catalogue was to combine the available data from publications, theses, databases, and herbarium specimens from around 120 Herbaria, and colections sampled in Brazilian vegetation during the last 15 years to produce the most complete list, as possible as, of Cyperaceae species for Brazil. We catalogued ca. 1,700 names for 678 species in 42 genera occurring in Brazil. These values represent ca. 15 percent of the species and 40 percent of the genera found in the world. Both subfamilies of Cyperaceae are found in Brazil with Cyperoideae being the most diverse at both generic and specific levels. Although lower species were recorded for the tribes Cryptangieae, Sclerieae, and Trilepideae, these tribes represent a much higher percentage of the world's totals for genera and species. The most diverse genera are Rhynchospora (157 spp.), Cyperus (101 spp.), Scleria (82 spp.) and Eleocharis (69 spp.). Fifteen genera have one species in Brazil, although five of them are monospecific. The most species-rich regions in Brazil are the North and Southeast. There are no genera endemic to Brazil. There are, however, around 200 endemic species, of which 40 are in the genus Rhynchospora. Taxonomic and nomenclatural problems found are pointed under the species. For each catalogued species, the principal synonyms, bibliographic references, distribution within Brazil's five regions, vegetation type, and citation of selected material examined are provided.

Aims We offer a first classification of South Brazilian grasslands (Campos Sulinos) based on quantitative vegetation data and describing grassland types in terms of dominant and indicator species. Location South Brazilian grasslands (Paraná, Santa Catarina, Rio Grande do Sul states). Methods We described vegetation plots in 167 sampling units throughout the region using a stratified nested design, totalizing 1,502 1 m² quadrats. We classified vegetation using cluster analysis based on Bray–Curtis dissimilarities, establishing three vegetation types and ten subtypes. We conducted indicator species analysis within the resulting subtypes, and for all possible combinations of subtypes. Results In the cluster analyses, a clear separation of poorly drained grasslands from the drier sites appeared. Further, a clear distinction between grasslands in the South Brazilian highland region, situated in the Atlantic Forest biome, and the grasslands of the Pampa biome, to the south, emerged, reflecting climatic and management differences. Highland grasslands showed lower species cover dominance, while in the Pampa, Paspalum notatum clearly was the most important species and the abundance of exotic species was higher. Conclusions Our study provides the first classification of South Brazilian grasslands based on quantitative vegetation data recorded in a standardized sampling design. The data support the division of grasslands into the main phytogeographic units of the region (Brazilian biome classification). Grasslands in these two regions also differ in terms of species dominance pattern (higher dominance in Pampa grasslands, likely also due to higher grazing levels) and in terms of conservation state (low presence of exotic species in highland grasslands). Our results are important for conservation policies, which can now consider the presence of different grassland types in different region, but more data will be necessary for a more detailed classification that considers different abiotic features in more detail.

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ABSTRACT. Temporal and spatial distribution of anurans in the Pampa Region (Santa Maria, RS).The present study aimed to determine the richness, occurrence constancy, reproductive modes, standard of abundance distribution, season of vocalization and to test correlation among climatic variables and activity of vocalization of anurans in a region of the Pampa Biome, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul State. During the period of November/2001 to October/2002 monthly collections were carried out utilizing the 'survey at breeding site' method and examination of specimens kept in the Coleção Herpetológica do Setor de Zoologia da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (ZUFSM). The occurrence of 25 species of anurans was recorded. The anurofauna recorded represents 30% of the species known to occur in Rio Grande do Sul, and comprises species generally associated with grasslands in this state and neighboring countries. Four reproductive modes were recorded: mode 1 (14 species; 58.3%); mode 11 and 30 (9 species; 37.5%) and mode 24 (1 species; 4.2%). The low diversification of reproductive modes is likely related to the homogeneity of the grassland habitat. Most species were constant or accessory in the study area and the species abundance distribution patterns fit in the Broken Stick and Log-normal models, characterized by homogeneity of species abundance distribution. Most species showed great plasticity in habitat, but few were plastic in vocalization sites use. There was a weak positive correlation between species richness and precipitation. There was also a weak positive correlation between the abundance of species calling activity and maximum average temperatures. These correlations indicated that, in the study area, the abundance of calling males is more affected by the temperature, and species richness is more affected by precipitation, despite the fact that significantly higher species richness occurs during the hottest period of the year. These results showed that the climatological variables examined were not enough to explain the seasonal occurrence of species, thus the influence of other environmental variables merit to be tested in future studies. KEYWORDS.Anuran community, abundance models, reproductive modes, seasonality, subtropical region. RESUMO.Este estudo teve como objetivo determinar a riqueza, a constância de ocorrência, os modos reprodutivos, o padrão de distribuição da abundância, a temporada de vocalização e testar a correlação das variáveis climáticas sobre a atividade de vocalização dos anuros em uma região do Bioma Pampa, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul. Durante o período de novembro de 2001 a outubro de 2002 foram realizadas coletas mensais empregando o método de 'busca em sítio de reprodução' e exame de exemplares depositados na Coleção Herpetológica do Setor de Zoologia da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (ZUFSM). Foi registrada a ocorrência de 25 espécies de anuros. A anurofauna registrada corresponde a 30% das espécies encontradas no Rio Grande do Sul e normalmente está associada a áreas abertas...

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Eleocharis ochrostachys Steud., previamente conhecida para o sudeste Asiático, Ilhas do Pacífico, Sri Lanka, Japão e Brasil (Estado de São Paulo), é citada neste trabalho para os Estados do Rio Grande do Sul e Santa Catarina, Brasil. Apresenta-se descrição e ilustração da espécie, assim como chave para separá-la de E. acutangula (Roxb.) Schult., E. elongata Chapm., E. interstincta (Vahl) Roem. & Schult., E. mutata (L.) Roem. & Schult., E. obtusetrigona (Lindl. & Nees) Steud. e Eleocharis sp., espécies do subg. Limnochloa (P. Beauv. ex T. Lestib.) Torr., que ocorrem em ambos os Estados.

native species and two exotic species of mammals (Lepus europaeus and Mus musculus) were recorded, representing 14 families. Most recorded species presents wide distribution, is likely associated to open environments and is tolerant to human disturbances. However, we also recorded three species that are considered rare or threatened in the State of Rio Grande do Sul (Lontra longicaudis, Monodelphis dimidiata and Nyctinomops laticaudatus), for which conservation strategies are recommended. The low species richness recorded in the Campus can be related to the strong pressure of human disturbances, to the small extension of the studied area or to historical factors, as the studied area is originally a grassland (Pampa), a type of environment containing a lower mammalian diversity than native forests.