R E S U M OObjetivou-se, neste trabalho, avaliar o desempenho e a qualidade dos ovos de poedeiras criadas em gaiolas enriquecidas e ambiente controlado, alojadas em câmara climática sob três temperaturas: 20, 26 e 32 o C e U.R, 60%. As gaiolas apresentavam bebedouros, comedouros, ninhos e uma área com areia e lixa. Foram utilizadas 36 poedeiras da linhagem Dekalb White, com 27 semanas de idade, com seis aves/gaiolas. Foram analisados o consumo de ração e água, a produção e a qualidade dos ovos. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado, com três tratamentos e seis repetições. Nas condições ambiente de 20 e 26 o C as aves se mostraram dentro da zona de conforto térmico sem diferença significativa e apresentando efeito positivo na qualidade dos ovos com melhores valores das médias nos parâmetros de qualidade. Na temperatura ambiente de 32 o C, considerada fora da zona de conforto térmico, as aves apresentaram evidências de estresse térmico, propiciando aumento da ingestão de água, redução no consumo de ração, redução nos valores de percentual de produção e nos parâmetros de qualidade dos ovos. As gaiolas enriquecidas foram adequadas às galinhas apresentando produção de ovos com boa resistência da casca.Performance and quality of egg laying hens raised in furnished cages and controlled environment A B S T R A C TThe objective of this study was to evaluate the performance and egg quality of laying hens raised in furnished cages and controlled environment, housed in a climate chamber under three temperatures: 20, 26 and 32 o C and relative humidity of 60%. The cages had drinkers, feeders, nests and an area with sand and sandpaper. Thirty six Dekalb White lineage hens were used with 27 weeks of age with six animals per cage. The consumption of food and water, production and egg quality were analysed. The experimental design was in completely randomized design with three treatments and six replications. In ambient conditions of 20 and 26 o C, birds were within the ZTC (Thermal Confort Zone), with no significant difference, with positive effect on egg quality with best values in mean quality parameters. In ET (Environmental Temperature) of 32 o C, considered out of ZTC, the birds showed evidence of heat stress, providing increased water intake, reduced feed intake, values of percentage of production and egg quality parameters. Enriched cages were adequate to laying hens, showing egg production with good shell strength. Palavras IntroduçãoA interação animal e ambiente deve ser considerada quando se busca maior produtividade e as diferentes respostas do animal às peculiaridades de cada região são determinantes no sucesso avícola. Assim, a identificação dos fatores que influenciam na vida do animal, como o estresse, imposto pelas flutuações estacionais do ambiente, permite ajustes nas práticas de manejo possibilitando dar-lhes sustentabilidade e viabilidade econômica (Costa et al., 2012).O ambiente do sistema de criação intensivo de galinhas poedeiras possui influência direta na condição de conforto e bem-e...

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The supply of salt water in the semiarid region is a recurrent practice, as there is a severe shortage of water for use in animal consumption. Thus, most of the times the water offered to the birds can contain salts above the recommended amount. The present study aimed to evaluate the production performance and morphometry of the organs of Japanese quails as they were supplied with drinking water with different concentrations of sodium chloride, while being maintained in comfort and under thermal stress. The birds received water with increasing electrical conductivity (1.5, 3.0, 4.5 and 6.0 dS m-1) and were kept in a climate chamber at thermoneutral air temperature (24 °C) and under thermal stress (32 °C), being distributed in a completely randomized design and 2 × 4 factorial scheme. Water electrical conductivities did not affect the performance of the birds, except for the weight of the gizzard, which showed an increasing linear effect as the electrical conductivities increased. At the stress temperature, there was reduction in feed intake, egg weight and mass, and in feed conversion per dozen eggs, but with no effect on the weights of the heart, liver and gizzard. Japanese quails in the production phase can consume water with electrical conductivity of up to 6.0 dS m-1, showing good production performance and without compromising organ morphometry.

Para desenvolver um projeto de silo, é necessário que fatores como o fluxo e cargas sejam criteriosamente avaliados. Portanto, como objetivo principal deste trabalho destacam-se a mensuração, a análise e a comparação com normais internacionais das forças de atrito nas paredes de um silo cilíndrico de fundo plano. Para a medição das forças de atrito, foram utilizados dois conjuntos de três células de carga e um sistema de aquisição de dados. O silo foi carregado concentricamente com areia seca e descarregado concêntrica e excentricamente a partir de duas excentricidades através de orifícios de 80 mm de diâmetro. Os resultados evidenciam que o modelo de silo-piloto é adequado para a medição das forças de atrito nas paredes e que os valores teóricos propostos pelas normas AS 3774 e DIN 1055 são mais adequados para representar as forças de atrito, tanto no descarregamento concêntrico quanto no excêntrico para todas as relações H/D estudadas.

ABSTRACT:The study was conducted in a facility for pigs during the nursery and finishing in the town of 'Montadas', in the semiarid of the state of Paraiba, Brazil, in the rainy and dry season, aiming to evaluate the concentration of oxygen, methane, carbon monoxide and ammonia, and the bioclimatic indexes: ambient temperature (AT), relative humidity (RH) and the index of black globe temperature and humidity (IBGTH). These indexes differed significantly (P>0.05) between the periods and times. The AT in the rainy season was in the thermal comfort zone(TCZ) in most of the times in the nursery; for the finishing phase, thermal discomfort occurred; during the dry season, there was thermal comfort in the nursery phase; in the finishing phase the thermal discomfort occurred at all times. In the rainy season, the IBGTH was in TCZ; in the dry season, it was above the TCZ. The RH in the rainy period was in the TCZ; in the dry season, in most of the times, below the range of the TCZ. The concentration of gases showed no differences (P > 0.05) between periods and between the times, and the carbon monoxide, hydrogen sulfide and methane were below 1.0 ppm, and the ammonia showed a mean of 5.2 ppm. None of the analyzed gases exceeded the limits established by Brazilian and international standards for animals and workers.KEY WORDS: welfare, thermal comfort, gases, semiarid. DESEMPENHO TÉRMICO E CONCENTRAÇÃO DE GASES EM INSTALAÇÕES PARA SUÍNOS NO SEMIÁRIDO PARAIBANO RESUMO:A pesquisa foi desenvolvida em uma instalação para suínos, na fase de creche e terminação, no município de Montadas, semiárido paraibano, nos períodos chuvoso e seco, com o objetivo de avaliar a concentração dos gases oxigênio, metano, monóxido de carbono e amônia, e os índices bioclimáticos: temperatura ambiente (TA), umidade relativa do ar (UR) e índice de temperatura de globo e umidade (ITGU). Estes índices diferiram significativamente (P < 0,05) entre os períodos e horários. A TA no período chuvoso ficou na zona de conforto térmico (ZCT) na maior parte dos horários na creche; para a fase de terminação, ocorreu desconforto térmico; no período seco, houve conforto térmico para a creche; na terminação, desconforto térmico em todos os horários. No período chuvoso, o ITGU ficou na ZCT; no período seco, acima da ZTC. A UR no período chuvoso esteve na ZTC; no período seco, na maior parte dos horários, abaixo da faixa da ZTC. A concentração de gases não apresentou diferenças (P > 0,05) entre os períodos e os horários, sendo que o valor de monóxido de carbono, gás sulfídrico e metano ficou abaixo do 1,0 ppm, e a amônia apresentou média de 5,2 ppm, sendo que nenhum dos gases analisados ultrapassou os limites estabelecidos pelas normas brasileiras e internacionais para animais e trabalhadores.

Background: Physical activity is prescribed as a component of primary management for polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). This nonrandomized, therapeutic, open, single-arm study investigated the effects of progressive resistance training (PRT) on obesity indices in women with PCOS, and the relationship between obesity indices and telomere content. Methods: A total of 45 women with PCOS and 52 with non-PCOS (controls), aged 18 to 37 years, with body mass indexes of 18 to 39.9 kg/m2, performed three 1-hour sessions of PRT per week, for 16 weeks. Before and after PRT, measures included anthropometric indices and regions of interest of fat mass distribution, quantified by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, metabolic and hormonal parameters, and telomere content. The general linear mixed models were used to determine the effects of PRT. Results: PRT did reduce the waist-to-height ratio, waist circumference, and the index of conicity among PCOS (P < .01). However, PRT did not influence regions of interest, body mass index, and WHR. After PRT, the telomere content was associated with regions of interest and anthropometric indices in whole group independent of PCOS (P < .05). Conclusion: Resistance exercise improves obesity indices in PCOS, independent of changes in body weight, and the relationship between telomeres and obesity parameters in PCOS remain to be fully clarified.

The objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence of canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL) and to identify the differences in associated factors to its occurrence in urban area and countrysides in the municipality of Santa Luzia located in the semi-arid region of Paraíba. In the years 2015 and 2016, 779 blood samples from dogs were collected. The prevalence was determined by three serological techniques, ELISA-S7® Kit, DPP® Rapid Test and EIE-LVC® Kit, considering positive the samples that reacted in at least two assays. Associated factors were determined by univariate and multivariate analyzes of the guardians’ responses to the epidemiological questionnaire. The prevalence of anti-Leishmania infantum antibodies in the studied municipality was 15.00% (117/779), being higher in the urban area (15.20%) than in the countryside (13.60%). The neighborhood with the highest prevalence was Frei Damião with 26.40% (33/125), being considered a hotspot (OR 1.245, p=0.007). Other associated factors were the semi-domiciliary breeding (OR 1.798, p=0.025), in the urban area, and hunting dog (OR 18.505, p=0.016), contact with cattle (OR 17.298, p=0.022) and environment where the dog is raised (OR 4.802, p=0.024) in the countryside. In the municipality of Santa Luzia, the prevalence of canine visceral leishmaniasis is high and the disease is widely distributed. Epidemiological differences between urban area and the countryside could be observed demonstrating the need for more adequate control measures for each locality and proving the urbanization process.

For design of vertical silos walls involving the storage of bulk solids to be safe and reliable, it is important knowing the largest possible number of variables such as: flow properties, silo geometry and pattern of flow desired. In order to validate the theories of flow prediction and design of conical hoppers, the flow properties of two bulk solids were determined, the theories of Jenike's flowability and Enstad and Walker for hopper design were analyzed and the results were compared with those experimentally obtained in a reduced model of a semicircular-section silo. Results show that Enstad theory for the hopper design is adequate to occur mass flow inside the silo, and for the sizing of the discharge outlet, the Walker's theory was closer to the appropriate than Jenike's theory, which was higher around 100% than the experimental hopper outlet.