Purpose Startups have attracted increased attention over the past years. While entrepreneurs develop startups to capture new business opportunities, also large companies are turning to these fast-growing organizations in efforts to become more agile. However, managing business model innovation and validation is challenging. A number of methodologies, like the Lean Startup (LS), emerged to reduce uncertainties concerning innovation-based projects, and to contribute to business model validation. Despite its popularity, the literature on the LS and its key underpinnings (Agile Methodologies and Customer Development) is sparse, lacking an integrated and structured analysis of their impacts and potentialities. The paper aims to discuss this issue. Design/methodology/approach The authors conducted a comprehensive systematic literature review on the topic fully analyzing a final set of 71 papers. Findings There is a turning point in the research stream’s maturity with publications in conferences and major journals, with the predominance of empirical investigations in the European region. Articles on the topic are on the rise in several technology fields. However, the literature on the subject falls short on providing guidance to assist practitioners and scholars on the adoption and investigation of these methodologies. Practical implications The paper provides guidance for practice by presenting a staircase roadmap for the LS implementation drawing from the final set of papers reviewed. Originality/value The study categorizes the current literature through a concept map, and offers a structured research agenda beyond the categories from the thematic analysis.
PurposeMost studies investigating the adoption of lean startup (LS) practices by technology new ventures focus on software startups in mature entrepreneurial ecosystems and disregard their applicability for opportunity exploitation in other technological backgrounds. This study contributes to this research stream by exploring how Brazilian technology new ventures (in different technological fields) tentatively adopt LS to exploit opportunities and whether LS is suitable to their emerging economy context.Design/methodology/approachThe authors adopt an exploratory multiple-case study based on qualitative data collection and analysis of nine Brazilian biotechnology, engineering and software startups.FindingsThe study shows how technology new ventures tackle the activities of opportunity exploitation – namely, developing a product or service, acquiring human resources, gathering financial resources and setting up the organization – by leveraging LS tools and practices for business model validation; also, it identifies six contextual constraints hindering the systematic adoption of LS and reveals how technology new ventures cope with such constraints in their early stages by integrating LS with complementary strategies and practices. Furthermore, the study reveals that the systematic and comprehensive adoption of LS nurtures the development of an entrepreneurial experimental capability to explore opportunities in a quasi-scientific and hypothesis-driven fashion.Originality/valueThe study investigates how Brazilian engineering, biotechnology and software startups exploit opportunities and overcome constraints to business model validation through the combined adoption of LS and complementary strategies and practices and provides a set of propositions to guide future research.
Resumo: O artigo explora e sistematiza a literatura sobre policy design com o objetivo de fornecer um mapa desse subcampo da policy analysis, identificando os temas que recebem mais e menos atenção e debatendo conceitos e perspectivas. Ao final, delineamos uma agenda de pesquisa. Efetuamos uma revisão semissistemática de 74 documentos selecionados por meio da técnica snowball sampling. Verificamos que o conceito de desenho abarca os elementos: problemas, objetivos, instrumentos, grupos afetados e resultados, que devem exibir conexão lógica - cada qual movimentando um conjunto de recursos analíticos voltados à compreensão do funcionamento das políticas e da produção de resultados sociais. Uma agenda de pesquisa nacional poderia abordar, por exemplo, processos de transferência de desenhos entre governos e a influência dos órgãos de controle nas preferências por determinados tipos de desenhos.
Paper aims: The present paper aims at exploring aspects of the mentoring process within the practice of technology entrepreneurship, also postulating a new concept, the lean mentorship.Originality: Although literature examines the effects and nature of mentoring in a variety of contexts, this study pioneers by addressing the mentorship process from the lean startup perspective. Research method:The study was structured as an exploratory research, drawing on extant literature and a focus group comprised of scholars and practitioners with key roles within an entrepreneurial and innovation ecosystem. The group's discussion was analyzed along with extant literature. Main findings:The paper further debates and provides insightful perceptions of the key characteristics of the mentorship process, such as the roles of mentors and mentees, the differences and similarities with coaching, and aspects mentorship providers should consider before exposing entrepreneurs. Implications for theory and practice:The main practical and theoretical contributions of this research are exactly the pioneering nature with regard to the lean startup perspective concerning mentoring. Additionally, conclusions suggests that mentoring providers should engage in experimentations to identify the moment in which entrepreneurs will best benefit from the provision, also mitigating waste of resources, such as time and expenses.
Goal: To foster innovative and creative thinking in the curricula of Engineering schools, as well as other technology-based courses, contributing to the innovation ecosystems' growth and sustainability. Design/Methodology/Approach: The research was structured as an exploratory research and was conducted by means of a focus group comprised of representatives from Porto Alegre (RS) working directly with higher education and/or playing key roles within the city's innovation ecosystem. The group's discussion was analyzed along with current literature on the topic. Results: The paper provides insightful perceptions of the obstacles faced by faculty members when attempting to develop innovative methodologies within classes so that potential partnerships are fostered by agents of the innovation ecosystem in order to better prepare professionals that will later be inserted in this new innovative scenario. Limitations of the investigation:The present study is structured as an exploratory research based on a focus group discussion and analysis. Thus, as any qualitative approach, it might lack generalizability, once its purpose is to investigate a specific phenomenon and promote further investigation on the issue. However, all discussion from the focus group was analyzed and supported by extant literature on the topic, in order to mitigate such limitation and strengthen the research relevance. Practical implications: The analysis and discussion obtained from both the focus group and literature are imperative on the need of critical changes on universities' organizational culture to support entrepreneurial activities, as well as fostering partnerships with key agents within innovation ecosystems to better prepare professionals to the new market setting. Originality/value: Although some studies investigate the relationship involving universities and Science and Technology Parks, few studies explore how engineering schools' curricula can benefit from such alliances. Additionally, the present study lists a few hurdles faced by professors during the development of active-based practices, as well as alternative possibilities to overcome resistance in traditional courses.
No campo das políticas públicas, o debate em torno das capacidades estatais ganhou centralidade nas últimas décadas. Isso porque se passou a relacioná-las à eficiência e à efetividade da ação estatal. Nessa ideia, as capacidades estatais seriam causa e resultado de políticas públicas melhores. Na esteira dessa relevância, este artigo discorre sobre as definições, dimensões e formas de mensuração dessas capacidades. Para tanto, são apresentadas e discutidas as principais contribuições das produções nacional e internacional. Dessa maneira, contribui-se para a literatura ao sistematizar os diversos entendimentos de um conceito que vem sendo apropriado tanto na análise de políticas públicas quanto na administração pública.
Resumo Este artigo apresenta uma proposta de modelo para analisar políticas públicas a partir de seu impacto em termos de desenvolvimento multidimensional. Assume-se que as políticas são iniciativas voltadas à transformação social, e que o desenvolvimento pode lhes dar sentido e direção. O modelo está fundamentado na perspectiva do desenvolvimento endógeno e da governança, de onde derivamos dois conjuntos de categorias analíticas. A primeira, endogeneidade, leva o olhar para a agência dos atores locais que, de fato, produzem os processos e sofrem as consequências das ações correspondentes. Ela foi desdobrada em três dimensões analíticas: equidade, sustentabilidade e participação. Interessa aqui investigar as potencialidades das políticas para realizar aquilo que justifica sua existência: melhorar a vida em sociedade. Por seu turno, os mecanismos de governança, segundo conjunto, enfocam os processos de construção das políticas, averiguando a manifestação do caráter endógeno na tomada de decisão. Também decomposto em três dimensões de análise: participação, consensualidade e gestão mista. A proposta almeja contribuir para o fortalecimento do campo de análise de políticas públicas no Brasil e, de forma relacionada, oferecer uma perspectiva que atente para as políticas a partir do resultado que as tornam fundamentais em nossa sociedade.
This article explores and synthesizes the literature on policy design, a subfield of policy analysis that has received increasing attention over the last few decades. During this period, it contributed to expanding knowledge on the functioning of public policies, implementation instruments, the rationality of decision-making processes, governance systems, social effects, etc. Despite the policy design’s importance, the current literature lacks a systematic analysis. Contributing to this agenda, this review aims to provide a field’s networking linkage,summarizing and classifying existing research through bibliometric and systematic reviews. To do so, data were collected on the Web of Science database covering the period from 1945 to December 31, 2020, capturing 493 articles in the initial search, and publications’ connectedness was analyzed by creating a network map with the frequency of assessments of a simultaneous citation using VOSViewer, and then each cluster was scrutinized applying qualitative methods to understand their relationship. As a result, 184 papers focused explicitly on policy design were selected and then clustered in nine different groups. It should be noticed that implementation instruments represent a very fruitful field of the design’s perspective, influencing five clusters, and other relevant topics concerning governance, means of interaction and representation, institutional analysis, and the policy design theoretical construction also appeared. Regardless of developing countries’ clusters, most studies empirically focused on China, evidencing that there is room for studies concerning Latin American and African contexts.
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