Non-typhoidal Salmonella serovars are worldwide spread foodborne pathogens that cause diarrhea in humans and animals. Colonization of gnotobiotic piglet intestine with porcine indigenous mucinolytic Bifidobacterium boum RP36 strain and non-mucinolytic strain RP37 and their interference with Salmonella Typhimurium infection were compared. Bacterial interferences and impact on the host were evaluated by clinical signs of salmonellosis, bacterial translocation, goblet cell count, mRNA expression of mucin 2, villin, claudin-1, claudin-2, and occludin in the ileum and colon, and plasmatic levels of inflammatory cytokines IL-8, TNF-α, and IL-10. Both bifidobacterial strains colonized the intestine comparably. Neither RP36 nor RP37 B. boum strains effectively suppressed signs of salmonellosis. Both B. boum strains suppressed the growth of S. Typhimurium in the ileum and colon. The mucinolytic RP36 strain increased the translocation of S. Typhimurium into the blood, liver, and spleen.
Fresh samples of intestinal contents of three wild pigs originating from the Central Bohemia region were examined for the presence of bifidobacterial strains. During the study, we isolated many fructose-6-phosphate phosphoketolase-positive, strictly anaerobic, irregular rod-shaped bacterial isolates. Three of them were preliminarily identified as representing a novel species of the genus Bifidobacterium because their 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with the closest relatives of thermophilic bifidobacteria (Bifidobacterium boum DSM 20432T, Bifidobacterium thermophilum DSM 20210T, Bifidobacterium thermacidophilumsubsp. porcinum LMG 21689T, Bifidobacterium thermacidophilumsubsp. thermacidophilum DSM 15837T) was in the range of 97.9 - 98.4 %. All three bacterial isolates had identical 16S rRNA, dnaJ1, fusA, gyrB and rplB gene sequences. Isolate RP115T was chosen as a representative of the bacterial group and DNA G+C content (mol%) determination, biochemical tests and analyses of physiological and morphological characteristics, habitat and chemotaxonomic traits (peptidoglycan structure, cellular fatty acids and polar lipids profile) were performed. The DNA-DNA hybridization analyses of RP115T and species representing the group of thermophilic bifidobacteria revealed values in the range from 33 to 53 %. This fact, together with relatively low sequence similarities of particular phylogenetic markers among examined bacterial strains and the phenotyping and chemotaxonomy results obtained, indicated that the evaluated bacterial isolate should be classified as representing a separate taxon within the specific group of thermophilic bifidobacteria. The name Bifidobacterium apri (of boar) sp. nov. has been proposed for the representative strain RP115T (=CCM 8605T=DSM 100238T=LMG 28779T).
Alloscardovia macacae sp. nov., isolated from the milk of a macaque (Macaca mulatta), emended description of the genus Alloscardovia and proposal of Alloscardovia criceti comb. nov. Scardovial genera were separated from bifidobacteria within the family Bifidobacteriaceae (Stackebrandt et al., 1997) on the basis of phylogenetic, genotypic and phenotypic analyses (Jian & Dong, 2002;Simpson et al., 2004;Killer et al., 2010a; García-Aljaro et al., 2012). Representatives of scardovial genera (Aeriscardovia, Alloscardovia, 'Neoscardovia', Parascardovia, 'Pseudoscardovia' and Scardovia) were found in the porcine caecum, porcine slurries, digestive tract of wild pigs (Killer et al., 2013), human dental caries (Crociani et al., 1996) and Abbreviation: F6PPK, fructose-6-phosphate phosphoketolase.The GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ accession numbers for the partial 16S rRNA gene, hsp60, Xfp and fusA sequences of strain M8 T are JQ363617, JQ363647, JQ363675 and JQ363637, respectively. GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ accession numbers for some of these phylogenetic markers obtained within this study for type strains of A. omnicolens and A. criceti comb. nov. are shown in the phylogenetic trees.Four supplementary figures and three supplementary tables are available with the online version of this paper.
Three strains of regular, long, Gram-stain-positive bacterial rods were isolated using TPY, M.R.S. and Rogosa agar under anaerobic conditions from the digestive tract of wild mice (Mus musculus). All 16S rRNA gene sequences of these isolates were most similar to sequences of
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