Decaying logs of Gyrinops spp. are an important agarwood source originating from Papua Island and have been exploited since 2004. It is well known as the resinous heartwood used as a pharmaceutical resource and was listed under the trading name "filaria" before 2020. The bioactive and chemical composition of agarwood essential oil (AEO) from decaying logs (Gyrinops spp., M1) was studied to ensure its potential in comparison with AEO from a 1.5-year-old inoculated agarwood tree (M2) and that of ordinary commercial AEO (M3). The chemical composition analyzed by the retention index showed that M1 had quite a similar profile to that of M2, while M1 was different from M3. Ten compounds in M1 were responsible for determining specific agarwood odor: agarospirol, dehydrojinkoheremol, baimuxinal, selina-3,11-dien-9-ol, selina-3,11-dien-14-al, selina-3,11-dien-14-ol, selina-4,11-dien-14-al, guaia-1(10),11-dien-15-ol, dihydrokaranone, and guaia-1(10),11-dien-15-al. The AEO of M1 had higher inhibition to the growth of Fusarium solani and showed the highest antioxidant activities compared to AEO of M2 and M3. Furthermore, all AEOs showed anticancer properties against breast cancer (MCF-7) in the range from 0.8% to 15.1% at the concentration of 0.1 mg ml −1 . This study indicated that decaying logs (Gyrinops spp.) had antifungal, antioxidant, and anticancer potentials and could be further used as pharmaceutical resources.
Indonesia is a mega-biodiversity country that grows about 4000 timber producer tree species in tropical rain forest. The comprehensive information of wood properties and quality is important in managing the natural resources sustainably. However, stem in basic properties studies of wood from the natural forest is limited because of some difficulties in harvesting until the transportation process. Hence, study the wood branches becomes a solution, as sometimes wood core samples are not adequate. The question was whether the branch properties could represent the main stem properties? Wood anatomy is an important wood property that can predict the other properties, for instance, the physical and mechanical properties, that determine the effective use of this material. This paper aims to present the comparison of wood anatomical properties of branches and main stem of seven commercial wood species. Quantitative and qualitative anatomical structures were investigated according to the International Association of Wood Anatomist (IAWA) Committee. Result shows that the quantitative wood anatomy of four samples (Mimba, Leda, Jabon, and Bintangur) was statistically different, while only one parameter in Tusam, Mindi, and Khaya was different. Accordingly, it can be concluded that studying the wood properties could be carried out using branch effectively.
Doubtlessly, wood identification is critically important for a number of sectors, including government organizations, the wooden-based industry, museums, law enforcement, and scientists working in the fields of botany, ecology, forestry, and wood technology. Unfortunately, most wood species listed as “the least-known species” lack essential knowledge or even their anatomical feature and basic properties to promote their usage. This research aimed to investigate the anatomical characteristics and fiber quality of the least-known timber species of Apocynaceae family, which are authentic wood collection from Xylarium Bogoriense, namely , Ervatamia. sphaerocarpa, E. aurantiaca, Kopsia flavida, Lepiniopsis ternatensis, Plumeria acuminata, P. rubra, and Voacanga foetida. Wood samples have indistinct growth ring boundaries, diffuse-porous vessels in diagonal and/or radial pattern, vessels in radial multiples of 4 or more cells, simple perforation plate, alternate intervessel pits; distinct borders of vessel-ray pits, similar with those of intervessel pits in size and shape throughout the ray cell, and septate fibers with simple pits to minutely bordered pits which are common in radial and tangential walls. Based on the fiber length and the derived values of fiber dimension, some species are classified into Quality Class II and III, and the rest of them are classified into Quality Class II or III for pulp and paper manufacturing. Based on general characteristics, commonly Apocynaceae can be used as handicrafts raw material. Based on the fiber quality, some species which are classified into Quality Class II, are predicted to have potential as pulp and paper material with medium quality.
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