Abstrak. Saputra R, Arwiyanto T, Wibowo A. 2015. Uji aktivitas antagonistik beberapa isolat Bacillus spp. terhadap penyakit layu bakteri (Ralstonia solanacearum) pada beberapa varietas tomat dan identifikasinya. Pros Sem Nas Masy Biodiv Indon 1: 1116-1122.Ralstonia solanacearum merupakan bakteri patogen penting yang sering menyerang tanaman tomat yang menyebabkan penyakit layu. Telah banyak upaya yang dilakukan untuk mengendalikan penyakit ini baik melalui praktek budidaya, penggunaan pestisida kimia maupun pengembangan varietas tahan, namun semua menunjukkan keberhasilan yang terbatas. Karena terbatasnya efektivitas dari beberapa pengendalian tersebut, penyakit layu bakteri tetap menjadi masalah serius secara ekonomis. Oleh karenanya, pengendalian hayati masih menjadi perhatian hingga saat ini. Dari sekian banyak bakteri antagonis, Bacillus spp. dan Pseudomonas spp. adalah yang paling banyak digunakan dalam pengendalian hayati penyakit tumbuhan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan isolat Bacillus yang mampu menekan perkembangan penyakit layu bakteri pada tanaman tomat dan mengidentifikasinya. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Bakteriologi Tumbuhan dan rumah kaca Jurusan Hama dan Penyakit Tumbuhan, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta. Isolat Bacillus merupakan hasil isolasi dari rizosfer tanaman tomat. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, enam isolat Bacillus yang digunakan menunjukkan kemampuan yang beragam dalam menekan perkembangan penyakit layu bakteri, namun Bacillus sp. isolat Ba-1 dan Ba-3 menunjukkan kemampuan yang cenderung lebih baik dibandingkan isolat lainnya. Hasil identifikasi secara biokimia mengindikasikan enam isolat Bacillus yang digunakan memiliki kemiripan sifat. Homologi Bacillus sp. isolat Ba-1 dan Ba-3 berdasarkan gen 16S rRNA dari hasil BLAST menunjukkan bakteri ini berkerabat dekat dengan Bacillus licheniformis strain DSM 13T (NR 118996) dan Bacillus licheniformis strain ATCC 14580T (NR 074923) dengan homologi mencapai 99%.Kata kunci: Bacillus licheniformis, layu bakteri, pengendalian biologi, Ralstonia solanacearum, tomat Singkatan: YPGA = Yeast Peptone Glucose Agar; AUDPC = Area Under Disease Progress Curve; PCR = Polymerase Chain Reaction Abstract. Saputra R, Arwiyanto T, Wibowo A. 2015. Antagonistic activity assay of some isolates of Bacillus spp. against Bacterial Wilt Diseases (Ralstonia solanacearum) in some varieties of tomato and it's identification. Pros Sem Nas Masy Biodiv Indon 1: 1116-1122.Ralstonia solanacearum is an important bacterial plant pathogen that frequently attacks in tomato plants and causes wilt disease. A great number effort has practiced minimizing this disease such as farming practices, the use of chemical pesticides and the development of resistant varieties, however, all showed limited success. Due to the limited effectiveness of some of these controls, yet bacterial wilt disease remains a serious problem economically. Therefore, biological control is still a great concern today. Of the many antagonistic bacteria, Bacillus spp....
Pests that attack the corn crop are cob borers (Helicoverpa armigera Hubner). The pest control can be done using tubal root botanical insecticide (Derris elliptica Benth.). This study aims to obtain the best concentration of tuba root powder extract in controlling the corn cob borer pests H. armigera. Research has been carried out at the Plant Pest Laboratory of Agriculture Faculty, University of Riau. This study used a completely randomized design (CRD) with 6 treatments and 4 replications. The treatments given were several concentrations of tuba root powder extract, namely 0 gr.l−1 of water, 20 gr.l−1 of water, 40 gr.l−1 of water, 60 gr.l−1 of water, 80 gr.l−1 of water and 100 gr.l−1 of water. The parameters observed were initial death, lethal time 50, lethal concentration 50 and 95, daily mortality and total mortality. Daily mortality data obtained from the results of the study were analyzed descriptively and displayed in graphical form, data lethal concentration (LC50 and LC95) were probit analyzed using the POLO-PC program, while other data such as initial death, total mortality, lethal time (LT50), statistically analyzed using a variance. Data from analysis of variance will be continued using the smallest significant difference (LSD) test at the 5% level. The application concentration of tuba root extract with 100 g.l-1 of water is the best concentration to control larvae of H. armigera with an initial time of death 26.50 hours, 67.50 hours of LT50, highest daily mortality on the fourth day by 40% and total larval mortality by 87.5%.
Streptomyces sp. bacteria have the potential to produce antibiotic compounds, which are one of the mechanisms that are widely used in biological control. However, in general, biological control mechanisms also occur through competition, cell wall degradation and induced resistance. This study was aimed to determine the physiological, biochemical and molecular characteristics of two isolates of Streptomyces sp. (S-4 and S16 isolates) isolated from the tomatoes roots, and to find out their ability to control Ralstonia solanacearum, which causes bacterial wilt disease on a wide range of hosts. The results showed both Streptomyces sp. isolates had several different physiological and biochemical characteristics and had a different ability to inhibit R. solanacearum in vitro. Streptomyces sp. S-16 isolate had a high similarity with Streptomyces diastaticus subsp. ardesiacus strain NRRL B-1773T based on the molecular identification results. Further research needs to be done to see the potential inhibition of the two Streptomyces isolates in inhibiting the development of bacterial wilt disease in tomato plants caused by R. solanacearum.
Ganoderma spp. is the main pathogen that is commonly found in oil palm plantations, which is known to cause stem rot and top stem rot disease. Many control techniques have been carried out, but there are still few that use salicylic acid suppression techniques on oil palm seedlings to inhibit the development of Ganoderma spp. This study aimed to examine the inhibitory ability of Ganoderma spp. using salicylic acid in vitro. This research was conducted descriptively with several concentrations of salicylic acid, namely 50 ppm (A1), 100 ppm (A2), 150 ppm (A3) and 200 ppm (A4) against Ganoderma sp. isolates LPTUNRI-Gan001 and LPTUNRI-Ga003. The aplication of 50 and 100 ppm salicylic acid was able to inhibit the growth of Ganoderma sp. isolate LPTUNRI-Gan001 by 100% and Ganoderma sp. isolate LPTUNRI-Gan003 by 100% after application of 50, 100 and 150 ppm. The application of 100-200 ppm salicylic acid can increase the height and number of leaves of oil palm seedlings. The application of 50-200 ppm salicylic acid can increase the total chlorophyll content.
Trichoderma pseudokoningii has been applied as a biocontrol agent against fungal plant pathogen, such as Ganoderma boninense, the cause of stem rot disease on palm oil plants. To be more effectively applicable in the field, some experiments have been employed to formulate T. pseudokoningii in a biofungicide formulation amended with organic matter as its main nutrient resource, zealot as a carrier agent and cocoyam powder as a mixture agent. A research has been conducted to study the effect of various organic matters and their combinations in a biofungicide formulation of T. pseudokoningii on growth inhibition to G. boninense in-vitro and to obtain the best organic matters and their combinations in enhancing the growth of T. pseudokoningii and yet inhibiting G. boninense. The research has been conducted in the Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Agriculture Faculty, University of Riau from May to August 2012, using a completely randomized design consisting of 15 treatments (bagasse, rice husk, shrimp shell, dregs, and their combinations) and 3 replications. The data were statistically analyzed using analysis of variance, followed by Duncan's New Multiple Range Test (DNMRT). The results indicated that organic matters and their combinations in the biofungicide formulation significantly affected the antagonistic capacity of T. pseudokoningii in inhibiting the growth of G. boninense in vitro. Rice husk, bagases, bagasse+rice husks, and bagasse+dregs were the best organic matters in enhancing the growth of T. pseudokoningii and its capacity to inhibit G. boninense in-vitro. It can also be concluded that shrimp shell, bagasse+shrimp shell, rice husk+shrimp shell, shrimp shell+dregs and rice husk+shrimp shell+dregs totally inhibited the growth of T. pseudokoningii in the biofungicide formulation. ABSTRAKJamur Trichoderma pseudokoningii Rifai. dapat digunakan untuk mengendalikan jamur Ganoderma boninense Pat, penyebab penyakit busuk pangkal batang pada kelapa sawit. Aplikasi T. pseudokoningii di lapangan umumnya masih dalam bentuk substrat dan kompos. Cara ini kurang tepat, sehingga agen hayati Trichoderma sp tersebut perlu diformulasi. Formulasi biofungisida terdiri dari bahan aktif, bahan makanan (sumber nutrisi), bahan pembawa, dan bahan pencampur. Bahan organik seperti ampas tebu, sekam padi kulit udang, dan dregs dapat digunakan sebagai sumber nutrisi bagi T. pseudokoningii. Bahan pembawa yang digunakan yaitu zeolit. Penelitian ini bertujuan 1) untuk mengetahui pengaruh penggunaan beberapa bahan organik dan kombinasinya dalam formulasi biofungisida yang berbahan aktif T. pseudokoningii dalam menghambat pertumbuhan G. boninense; 2) untuk mendapatkan bahan organik dan kombinasinya sebagai sumber nutrisi dalam formulasi biofungisida yang paling mendukung pertumbuhan dan daya hambat T. pseudokoningii terhadap jamur G. boninense secara in vitro. Penelitian ini telah dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Penyakit Tumbuhan, Fakultas Pertanian, Jurnal Natur Indonesia 16 (2): [79][80][81][82][83][84][85][86][87][88][89][90] Elfina, et al.
Ralstonia solanacearum is one of the main pathogens in tomato plants that cause bacterial wilt disease. R. solanacearum in the field is difficult to control, because some phytopathogenic bacterial species produce EPS in large quantities. The practices of cultivation, soil fumigation and development of resistant varieties have been carried out as an effort to control these pathogens. Therefore, biological control is another alternative in controlling this pathogen. The research was conducted at the Plant Bacteriology Laboratory and in the Greenhouse of the Plant Protection Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta. In this study, the bacteria Pseudomonas putida strain Pf-20 and Streptomyces spp (isolates S-4 and S-16), 9 varieties of tomatoes and R. solanacearum were used. This study uses a Completely Randomized Design consisting of 3 treatments of biological control bacteria and 3 replications. The parameters observed were incubation time and disease intensity. Then also calculated the rate of disease progression and the value of the Area Under Disease Progress Curve (AUDPC). Data obtained were analyzed descriptively for all parameters ecxept incubation time was analyzed statistically. Statistical analysis data were then further tested with LSD at 5% level. Based on the results, the application of antagonistic bacteria can suppress the development of bacterial wilt disease. The best suppression of bacterial wilt disease development by biological control agents was seen in amelia and tombatu varieties. Further research is needed to observe the relationship between varieties and the ability of antagonistic bacteria to control R. solanacearum in tomato plants.
Abstract. Hamzah A, Saputra R, Puspita F, Nasrul B, Irfandri, Depari NS. 2021. Ganoderma diversity from smallholder oil palm plantations in peatlands of Kampar District, Indonesia, based on mycelia morphology and somatic incompatibility. Biodiversitas 22: 16-22. Basal Stem Rot disease is caused by the pathogenic fungus Ganoderma boninense which has caused major economic losses in the palm oil industry. Ganoderma boninense has been reported not only infecting crops in the field, but also attacking at the immature phase of the plant even in the nursery. Studies related to Ganoderma diversity in oil palm plantations in Riau, Indonesia have not been widely reported. Ganoderma genetic diversity is important because its provide information regarding the mechanism of infection and the spatial distribution. The Ganoderma spp. isolates were collected from three blocks of smallholder oil palm plantation in Deli Makmur Village, Kampar District, Riau Province, Indonesia and brought to Plant Disease Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Riau University, Pekanbaru, Indonesia. This experimental research was conducted using six Ganoderma isolates (Gan1, Gan2, Gan3, Gan4, Gan5, and Gan6) on the parameters of colony diameter and growth speed, while for the parameters of the morphological diversity of Ganoderma mycelium and the diversity based on somatic incompatibility assay was carried out descriptively. The results of this study show that oil palm plants in smallholder plantations in Kampar District are infected by two groups of Ganoderma based on morphology characteristics using UPGMA dendrogram, but different among isolates based on genetically using somatic incompatibility assay. For the next confirmation, it is necessary to further identify whether the six isolates are different species using molecular identification.
Peanut has long been cultivated in Indonesia and is generally grown on dry land. The continuous use of inorganic fertilizers can have a negative impact on the soil, so there is a need for environmentally friendly fertilizers such as biological fertilizers. This study aimed to elucidate the effect of mycorrhiza biofertilizer on the vegetative and generative growth of peanuts. The study was conducted in the experimental field of Cikabayan IPB with a three-factor Completely Randomized Design. The treatments tested were 1) control, 2) 100% NPK fertilizer, 3) 100% organic fertilizer, 4) 100% organic fertilizer + NPK, 5) 5 g mycorrhizae, 6) 100% NPK + mycorrhizae 5 g, 7) 100% organic fertilizer + mycorrhiza 5 g, and 8) organic fertilizer + NPK 100% + mycorrhiza 5 g. Parameters observed included plant height, number of primary branches, number of pods, pod weight, colonization or root infection, number and types of spores. The results showed that the application of NPK fertilizer + organic fertilizer + mycorrhizae 5 g could increase vegetative and generative growth in peanut plants. The treatment of NPK+ organic fertilizer + mycorrhizae 5 g (AOM) had a very high percentage of infection, which was 86.67%. The AOM treatment had a high number of spores, which was 32 spores and 3 types of spores were successfully associated, namely Acaulospora sp1, Acaulospora sp 2 and Glomus etunicatum.
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