Ganoderma spp. is the main pathogen that is commonly found in oil palm plantations, which is known to cause stem rot and top stem rot disease. Many control techniques have been carried out, but there are still few that use salicylic acid suppression techniques on oil palm seedlings to inhibit the development of Ganoderma spp. This study aimed to examine the inhibitory ability of Ganoderma spp. using salicylic acid in vitro. This research was conducted descriptively with several concentrations of salicylic acid, namely 50 ppm (A1), 100 ppm (A2), 150 ppm (A3) and 200 ppm (A4) against Ganoderma sp. isolates LPTUNRI-Gan001 and LPTUNRI-Ga003. The aplication of 50 and 100 ppm salicylic acid was able to inhibit the growth of Ganoderma sp. isolate LPTUNRI-Gan001 by 100% and Ganoderma sp. isolate LPTUNRI-Gan003 by 100% after application of 50, 100 and 150 ppm. The application of 100-200 ppm salicylic acid can increase the height and number of leaves of oil palm seedlings. The application of 50-200 ppm salicylic acid can increase the total chlorophyll content.
Ketersediaan lahan untuk usaha pertanian merupakan syarat mutlak untuk mewujudkan swasembada, ketahanan, mandirian, dan kedaulatan pangan nasional. Lahan marginal kering berpotensi mendukung peningkatan produksi padi nasional. Keberadaannya menjadi solusi optimalisasi lahan kering sebagai pengganti lahan sawah yang terkonversi. Upaya menggalakkan budidaya padi gogo berpeluang besar dalam peningkatan produksi padi di Riau karena telah dibudidayakan masyarakat secara turun temurun. Budidaya padi gogo di Provinsi Riau umumnya diusahakan pada lahan marginal kering (Inceptisol, Ultisol), yang kendala utamanya adalah ketersedian air yang terbatas, kesuburan tanah rendah (terutama P terikat kuat oleh aluminium sehingga tidak tersedia), dan bahan organik rendah. Berbagai penelitian yang andal pada beberapa kondisi ketersedian air, penggunaan varietas ungggul dan dengan menerapkan teknologi tepat guna berupa pemberian bahan amelioran telah dapat mengoptimalkan pemanfaatan lahan marginal kering dan meningkatkan produktifitasnya. Selanjutnya untuk keberlangsungan budidaya padi gogo di lahan marginal kering tergantung pada konsistennya pemerintah pusat maupun daerah dalam menerapkan UU Nomor 41 Tahun 2009 tentang Perlindungan Lahan Pertanian Pangan Berkelanjutan.
Abstract. Hamzah A, Saputra R, Puspita F, Nasrul B, Irfandri, Depari NS. 2021. Ganoderma diversity from smallholder oil palm plantations in peatlands of Kampar District, Indonesia, based on mycelia morphology and somatic incompatibility. Biodiversitas 22: 16-22. Basal Stem Rot disease is caused by the pathogenic fungus Ganoderma boninense which has caused major economic losses in the palm oil industry. Ganoderma boninense has been reported not only infecting crops in the field, but also attacking at the immature phase of the plant even in the nursery. Studies related to Ganoderma diversity in oil palm plantations in Riau, Indonesia have not been widely reported. Ganoderma genetic diversity is important because its provide information regarding the mechanism of infection and the spatial distribution. The Ganoderma spp. isolates were collected from three blocks of smallholder oil palm plantation in Deli Makmur Village, Kampar District, Riau Province, Indonesia and brought to Plant Disease Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Riau University, Pekanbaru, Indonesia. This experimental research was conducted using six Ganoderma isolates (Gan1, Gan2, Gan3, Gan4, Gan5, and Gan6) on the parameters of colony diameter and growth speed, while for the parameters of the morphological diversity of Ganoderma mycelium and the diversity based on somatic incompatibility assay was carried out descriptively. The results of this study show that oil palm plants in smallholder plantations in Kampar District are infected by two groups of Ganoderma based on morphology characteristics using UPGMA dendrogram, but different among isolates based on genetically using somatic incompatibility assay. For the next confirmation, it is necessary to further identify whether the six isolates are different species using molecular identification.
Ganoderma is known to be the most destructive pathogen of oil palm crops in Southeast Asia, including Indonesia, and causes heavy losses. Various control methods such as technical culture, mechanical, and chemical control have been attempted, but these techniques have not been able to control the disease successfully. One of the efforts to overcome the conditions and characteristics of Ganoderma which is difficult to control is to apply biological control. This study aims to obtain candidate antagonist bacteria indigenous to peatlands that can control Ganoderma sp. This research was exploratory research with laboratory testing. Based on the exploration results, 10 isolates were obtained based on initial characteristics and were not pathogenic after the Hypersensitivity Reaction assay. Based on the results of the inhibitory ability test, 3 isolates (LPTUNRI-A1.2, A1.1, and A2.5) were obtained that could suppress the development of Ganoderma sp. LPTUNRI-Gan003 in vitro. From its characteristics, it is suspected that it has similarities with Bacillus sp.
This study seeks to determine the impact of palm oil wastewater, the number of biopore holes, and their interaction on oil palm plant growth and Dystrudepts soil physical properties. This study was carried out between December 2019 and April 2019. This research was conducted using a 3x3 factorial experiment with a Randomized Block Design; each treatment was replicated three times, and each experimental unit contained three plants for 81 experimental plants. The first variable was the dosage of palm oil effluent, which consisted of 7.5 liter/plant/2 weeks, 10 liters/plant/2 weeks, and 12.5 liters/plant/2 weeks. The second factor had three levels: two biopore holes/plants, four biopore holes/plants, and six biopore holes/plants. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was applied to the data. If the treatment is markedly different, a second test is conducted using the 5% level of the Honest Significant Difference (BNJ) test. (1) Palm oil mill effluent at a concentration of 7.5 liters/plant increased the total pore space. The effluent from a palm oil mill at a rate of 12.5 liters per plant decreases BD and PD while increasing final plant height, midrib length, leaf length, and chlorophyll content. (2) Adding two biopores per plant increased plant height, midrib length, and leaf width. The presence of four biopores per plant decreased BD and PD and increased leaf length and chlorophyll content. Six openings per plant biopores have an effect on increasing the total pore space, and (3) The interaction between LCPKS doses of 12.5 liters/plant and the number of biopores of 6 holes/plant decreases BD and increases total pore space, plant height, frond length, leaf length, and leaf breadth.
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