L'objectif de cette étude est de mettre en évidence les représentations professionnelles de l'hygiène auprès des infirmières et aides-soignantes. Le dispositif suit et affine la méthode des Schèmes Cognitifs de Base. Il repose sur une tâche d'associations verbales et des entretiens d'explication. L'analyse montre que la valence de l'élément propreté est significativement plus élevée que celle des autres éléments, et ce chez les deux groupes de participants. Une analyse des mots associés fait apparaître que pour les aides-soignantes l'hygiène renvoie essentiellement à des actes d'hygiène corporelle personnelle, mais également à deux ensembles de synonymes « sans traces » et « sans microbes ». Chez les infirmières elle renvoie à des actes de soins. La discussion porte sur l'intérêt d'une telle méthode pour l'étude des représentations professionnelles et dans le cadre de la lutte contre les infections nosocomiales.
The aim of this paper is to carry out a survey and comparative analysis of social representations of physical activity and fruit and vegetables in a sample of young, adult and elderly subjects. Four "urban" areas and four "rural" areas were selected for the purposes of the investigation. The samples used to assess social representations of fruit and vegetables and physical activity included 132 and 153 participants respectively. Verbal association was used and a factorial correspondence analysis was applied to the data. The prevention messages delivered as part of the second national program of nutrition and health were integrated by adult participants. A very limited awareness of the benefits of eating fruit and vegetable was observed in the young population. This study underlines the importance of implementing regular measures for the purposes of qualitative local evaluations that consider the specific characteristics of every age group in order to assess the psychological impact of prevention campaigns.
The aim of this study is to identify the logic behind a range of statistical methods used to reveal the structure of social representations. Subjects (N = 317) were asked to answer the following question: “For each category of European person, please indicate which other European he would most like to have contact with”. The results of the similarity analysis lead us to the conclusion that there is an ethnocentric bias, and reveal the central factor of the representation. The representation obtained by factorial correspondence analysis seems closer to current reality and enables us to understand the divisions that have structured Europe and remained embedded in the subjects. Thus, the choice of analytical method is not merely anecdotal, given that representations obtained from the same data can vary immensely.
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