Myricetin is a member of the group of flavonoids called flavonols. Myricetin is obtained from various fruit, vegetables, tea, berries and red wine. Myricetin is characterized by the pysrogallol B-ring, and the more hydroxylated structure is known to be capable for its increased biological properties compared with other flavonols. Myricetin is produced by the Myricaceae, Anacardiaceae, Polygonaceae, Pinaceae and Primulacea families. It is soluble in organic solvent such as ethanol, DMSO (dimethyl sulfoxide), and dimethyl formamide (DMF). It is sparingly soluble in aqueous buffers. Myricetin shows its various pharmacological activities including antioxidant, anti-amyloidogenic, antibacterial, antiviral, antidiabetic, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-epileptic and anti-ulcer. This review article focuses on pharmacological effects of Myricetin on different diseases such as osteoporotic disorder, anti-inflammatory disorder, alzheimer’s disease, anti-epileptic, cancer, cardiac disorder, diabetic metabolic disorder, hepatoprotective disorder and gastro protective disorder.

Turmeric (Curcuma longa Linn) is an herbal medicine which is traditionally used as a spice, food colouring or flavouring agent and widely used for several diseases such as biliary disorders, cough, hepatic disorders, rheumatism, wound healing, sinusitis, diabetes, cardiac disorders and neurological disorder. It belongs to the Zingiberaceae family. Turmeric is a popular domicile remedy used in Indian food, is mainly a native of south-east Asia, is widely cultivated in India, Sri Lanka, Indonesia, China, Jamaica , Peru, Haiti and Taiwan and it is very less expensive. Curcumin is the main principle of turmeric. Curcumin has shown various biological properties pre-clinically and clinically. Curcumin is a highly pleiotropic molecule which can be modulators of various intracellular signalling pathways that maintain cell growth. It has been reported as anti-inflammatory, anti-angiogenic, antioxidant, wound healing, anti-cancer, anti-Alzheimer and anti-arthritis and possesses an excellent safety profile. All previous review articles on curcumin have collected the biological/pharmacological activities but this review article summarises the most interesting in vitro and in vivo studies of curcumin on most running diseases around the whole world.

Background: Around 1.5 billion people in the world were affected by complex neurological disorders and the figure is increasing alarmingly due to unsatisfactory clinical outcomes. To date, no conventional formulation is able to show a promising effect on the control or prevention of neurodegeneration. However, Nano delivery tools have shown better penetration and profound action on the targeted area of the brain. Methods: Although existing Nano therapeutic approaches are abundant but would not reach the clinic due to their improper bioavailability, BBB restricts its entry and causes improper biodistribution, so it’s a challenge to use certain bioactive as a potential therapy in neurodegenerative disorders. Hybrid nanocarriers are nano-vesicular transported systems, which could be utilized as carriers for the delivery of both hydrophilic and hydrophobic compounds. Available patents on nanodelivery for therapeutic approach will also include in this review. Results: Hybrid Nano delivery system may provide good stability to polar and nonpolar compounds and improve their stability. Conclusion: This manuscript updates the available findings on the Nano vesicular system to deliver drugs for neurodegenerative disorders.

Tinospora cordifolia (Guduchi) is an important medicine in the Ayurvedic system of medication and is found in numerous classical texts for the treatment of various disorders such as jaundice, fever, skin diseases and diabetes. (1) T. cordifolia is a large, green glabrous, deciduous herbaceous plant. It belongs to the Menispermaceae family. (2) T. cordifolia is spread throughout India and China. Guduchi is the Hindi name of T. cordifolia, and it is a Hindu mythological term that refers to the heavenly elixir which is maintained the body in old age and helps to make it young. T. cordifolia is commonly known as Amrita, Guduchi Madhuparni,

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Peginterferon α-2a (20 kDa) derived from Hansenula Polymorpha is a distinct variety of peginterferons (PEG-IFN). A pilot study of this drug was conducted on healthy human subjects to evaluate its safety and pharmacokinetic behavior in local population. With due approval of the IEC operating under ICH-GCP guidelines; ten healthy male subjects were selected randomly from the Pakistani population after thorough screening and signing of the Informed consent for an open label, single dose study. Each subject received a subcutaneous injection of the drug (180 µg) in abdominal skin and blood samples were collected at 0 and 1, 2, 3, 6, 12, 24, 36, 60, 84, 108, 132 and 156 hours, and analyzed by a validated ELISA method for peginterferon α-2a (20kDa), Unipeg®. The Mean ± SEM (standard error of mean) PK parameters were found to be: Cmax: 18.67±2.92 ng/ml (7.05-34.51); AUC0-∞: 1440±113 h.µg/l] (969-2101); Absorption Half-Life: 17.02±2.06 h (10.37-29.26), elimination half life: 41.437±6.21 h (18.51-78.97 h); volume of distribution 8.933±1.72 L (4.81-18.34), clearance: 112.6±8.21 ml/h (71.96–155.96). The safety of the drug was evaluated by observation of adverse effects and evaluating the change in general health parameters, hematological and biochemical test results during and after the study. No Sever Adverse Effect was observed however the most common adverse event (AE) was the fever; observed in all volunteers (n=10), headache (6), Fatigue (5), Vomiting (4) and diarrhea, loss of appetite, body ache was observed in 3 volunteers. Three out of ten volunteers demonstrated decrease in WBC and platelets count. Changes observed in hematology returned to normal values within 16 days. The safety profile of UNIPEG® was found to be very similar to those of reported in literature for unmodified IFNs and other pegylated interferons generally used in therapy. Future clinical trials are recommended to further establish the safety profile and pharmacokinetics.