Superhydrohobic surface for dropwise condensation is prepared using hotplate solution immersion method on copper substrate. The preprocessed bare copper plate is immersed in a solution consist of 0.004 -0.008M ethanol (CH3−CH2−OH) and tetradecanoic acid (CH3(CH2)12COOH) then heating the plates in the solution at 30 -50°C for 1 -6 hours. The contact angle of water droplet on the prepared surface is measured using Low Bond Axisymmetric Drop Shape Analysis (LBADSA), which gives the maximum contact angle of 168° and average value of 166° ± 2°. The maximum contact angle is obtained by adjusting the composition of the solution, temperature of the solution and immersion time to 0.006M, 45° and 4 hours respectively. The various superhydrophobic surfaces are prepared by changing constituents of solution, hotplate temperature and processing time respectively. Further dynamic behavior of water droplet on the prepared surfaces like jumping effect and rolling effect is presented in this work. In addition, experimental work is carried out on the prepared surface for dropwise condensation and the obtained results are compared with condensation on bare copper plate produces higher heat transfer coefficient.
In the present work, three different modes of heat conduction, diffusion, thermal wave, and dual-phase lag, across a thin layer subjected to a constant temperature and insulated boundary conditions are compared by using a finite element solution. The finite element model is developed by considering relaxation time to heat flux and relaxation time to temperature gradient for a single element. After assembling all the elements, the number of algebraic equations obtained is solved to predict the temperature distribution across the thin layer using Python. The solution predicted by the dual-phase lag is compared with that obtained by the single-phase Cattaneo-Vernotte's model and diffusion Fourier model. The developed model is validated with analytical, numerical, and experimental solutions with good agreement. The temperature contours are plotted for all three conditions and the way it propagates differently through the thin layer is clearly shown. Further, the temperature variation at the center of the layer, at which collision occurred, is predicted and the speed of the thermal wave, infinite in the Fourier diffusion model and finite in both single and dual-phase lag, is examined under transient to steady-state condition.
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