In this paper, a rectangular monopole antenna engraved with a complementary split-ring resonator is proposed for dual-band operation. The proposed antenna is fabricated on an FR4 substrate with a dimension of 20 × 34 × 1.6 mm 3 . The entire simulation is done using CST EM studio software. The proposed antenna exhibits dual-band operation from 1.78 GHz to 1.90 GHz and from 3.45 GHz to 6.58 GHz. The band from 1.78 GHz to 1.90 GHz is due to the inclusion of CSRR, and its corresponding bandwidth is 120 MHz. It is validated with the quasi-static analysis. The permittivity characteristics of the proposed CSRR are retrieved using the NRW method and presented. The resonant frequency of the band created by the CSRR is 1.83 GHz with −37.68 dB as its return loss values. The second wider band is due to the combination of the mode created by the CSRR along with the radiating patch from 3.45 GHz to 6.58 GHz with 3132 MHz which has dual resonances at 3.65 GHz and 5.59 GHz with return losses of −30.23 dB and −29.80 dB. The optimal values are chosen with the help of parametric analysis. The designed antenna is fabricated and measured. The measured results of return loss, gain, E-plane, and H-plane are compared with simulated ones, and they comply with each other. The dual-band operation, compact size, stable radiation pattern along with gain above 2.3 dBi in the whole resonating band make it suitable for the GSM and WLAN/WiMAX/5G Sub-6 GHz band (new radio band).
In this paper, a Rectangular Monopole Antenna (RMPA) with offset microstrip feed is presented. The structure is fabricated on an FR4 substrate with a dimension of 28 × 32 × 1.6 mm 3 . The proposed structure achieves multiband operation by engraving 2 Complementary Split Ring Resonators (CSRRs) and a C-Shaped slot. Also, 2 Split Ring Resonators (SRRs) are printed on the adjacent sides of the radiating element. The parametric analysis is used to determine the optimum position of the feed and other critical parameters. The proposed structure operates at 2.25 GHz, 3.86 GHz, 4.60 GHz, 5.64 GHz, 5.86 GHz, 6.94 GHz, 7.48 GHz, and 9.47 GHz. The permeability of the SRR and permittivity of the CSRR are extracted and presented. The proposed antenna is fabricated and measured. The measured results of S 11 , radiation pattern, and gain are on par with the simulated results. The proposed antenna's simulated surface current and efficiency are also presented to validate the performance. Simple structure, stable radiation pattern, multiband operation, reasonable gain, and efficiency are the significant features of the proposed RMPA.
An efficient triband metamaterial absorber is presented for X- and K-band applications. The unit cell is of simple shape. The absorber is fabricated on a thin polyamide, which makes it flexible. The parameters of the designed absorber are optimized. The simulated results show that it has good absorption rate and polarization stability. The stability is exhibited over a wide range in both TE and TE modes of the incident waves. The measured results are on par with the simulated results. The measurement is carried out with the waveguide measurement method.
Naturally obtained materials are preferable for the production of biomedicine in biomedical applications. Acacia gum is has recently become a hopeful one in the biomedicine production due to its excellent properties, namely, emulsifier, stabilizing mediator, suspending agent, etc. In this novel work, we synthesised and characterized the deesterified Acacia gum-alginate nanohydrogel (DEA-AG NPs) as a carrier for amethopterin (ATN) delivery. This combination is used in the drug effectiveness and tissue engineering. In this work, the Taguchi route is implemented for estimating of particle size and zeta potential (mV) through optimization. Following three parameters are considered for this work: DEA solution concentration (0.008, 0.016, 0.024, and 0.032 w/v %), alginate molecular weight (3, 6, 9, and 12 MW), and ATN/DEA ratio (1 : 4, 1 : 8, 1 : 12, and 1 : 16 w/w %). In particle size analysis and zeta potential analysis, the DEA solution concentration is highly influenced. Minimum particle size is found as 148.50 nm. Similarly, maximum zeta potential is identified as 29.5 mV.
Aluminum is among the most preferred materials based on the desired properties. This investigation focused on to evaluate the wear rate of the AA6066 aluminium alloy composite by using pin-on-disc apparatus. The composites were created with three materials such as AA6066 alloy, high-speed steel, and copper which have a volume percentage variation of 92%, 5%, and 3%, respectively. These three parameters were considered for the experimental results of the wear rate such as load applied, sliding speed, and sliding distance. Experimental results of the composites were compared using an applied load of 20 N, a sliding velocity of 3.0 m/s and 1800 m of sliding distance with AAHSSCu reinforced composites offering a minimum wear rate. Similarly, using a 40 N applied load, the minimum wear rate is obtained. Further increasing the applied load to 60 N with 600 m of sliding distance provided a lower wear rate. The various graphical representations such as three-dimensional surface plots, contour plots, and bar charts were used for the experimental results. Wear rate consequences were expressed individually compared based on the considered parameters. Experimental results were having the reliability of nearly ninety-one percentage with only wear rate being focused. Finally, an optimized wear rate is obtained at the sliding distance of 1200 m with an applied load of 40 N and a spindle speed of 3 m/s.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.