Idiopathic male subfertility is often a neglected phenotype with respect to male fertility in bovines. The gene TMEM95 plays a crucial role in idiopathic male subfertility in cattle. Using the DNA sequence information from cattle TMEM95 gene, we characterized the gene in Murrah buffalo. A total of 2.6 kb of a fragment orthologous to cattle was sequenced from Murrah buffalo and Gir cattle. A 2 bp deletion is present in Murrah buffalo, causing missense mutations in three isoforms that are present in cattle. The functional effects of various non-synonymous mutations were predicted using the SNAP2 program, and showed that the non-synonymous SNPs could affect the protein function. Functional motif annotation revealed the presence of a Casein kinase II phosphorylation site that plays an important role in sperm morphology, Leucine zipper pattern, N-myristoylation site, protein kinase C phosphorylation site, CHRD domain profile, N-glycosylation site and HIT zinc finger motifs in cattle. The HIT ZF motif is absent in all of the functional isoforms in buffalo. The results together suggest that the subfertility gene TMEM95 in cattle and buffalo must have evolved with different functions but plays a role in male fertility as in other mammals.
Background: Selecting dairy type Ongole cows based on their phenotypic characters like coat colour, stature, external appearance which are being poorly correlated to milk production and reproduction is a common practice in Andhra Pradesh. In absence of the production records, predicting the association between milk yield and morphometry forms a potential tool for selection of dairy type Ongole cattle.
Methods: The data on morphometric characters and milk production was recorded on 211 elite lactating Ongole cows in the breeding tract of Andhra Pradesh and correlation and regression coefficients were estimated.
Result: The lactation milk yield and lactation length were positively (P less than 0.01) correlated with udder area, udder length, face length and cephalic index and negatively correlated with skin fold thickness and tail length. The regression coefficients of udder area, skin fold thickness, face length and tail length for lactation milk yield and lactation length were found to be significant (P less than0.01). The present study concluded that the udder area, skin fold thickness, face length and tail length may be given more weightage in selection of dairy type Ongole cows.
Background: Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase Beta (ACACB) plays a key role in fatty acid oxidation and was known to be involved in production of very-long-chain fatty acid and other compounds needed for proper development. This gene is mainly expressed in the tissues of heart, muscle, liver and colon. It chiefly involved in the production of malonyl-coA, a potent inhibitor of carnitine palmitoyl transferase I (CPT-I) enzyme needed in transport of long-chain fatty acyl-coAs to the mitochondria for β-oxidation.Methods: The present study was conducted to explore the expression pattern of the ACACB gene in breast muscle tissue during pre-hatch embryonic day (ED) 5th to 18th and post-hatch (18th, 22nd and 40th week of age) periods of White leghorn (IWI line) by using Quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR). Then, fold change of ACACB gene expression was calculated.Result: Our study showed that the ACACB gene expression was down-regulated during embryonic stages from ED6 to ED18. The gene expression was also down-regulated during adult stages i.e. on 22nd and 40th week of age. This result indicated that the initial expression of the ACACB gene is required for embryo development and during adult periods, low gene expression leads to the less fat deposition in muscle of layer chicken. Finally, it can be concluded that there was a differential expression pattern of the ACACB gene during the pre-hatch embryonic and post-hatch adult periods to mitigate varied requirements of lipids during different physiological stages in layer chicken.
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