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Modified Biginelli and Hantzsch reactions were carried using environmentally benign processes. Neat reactants subjected to microwave radiation gave the required products more quickly and in better yields in comparison to traditional methodologies. The observed yields and enhancement in reaction rates are due to the solvent free conditions coupled with the use of microwave radiation.

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Background: Inhaled atropine is being developed as a systemic and pulmonary treatment for the extended recovery period after chemical weapons exposure. We performed a pharmacokinetics study comparing inhaled atropine delivery using the MicroDose Therapeutx Dry Powder Inhaler (DPIA) with intramuscular (IM) atropine delivery via auto-injector (AUTO). Methods: The MicroDose DPIA utilizes a novel piezoelectric system to aerosolize drug and excipient from a foil dosing blister. Subjects inhaled a 1.95-mg atropine sulfate dose from the dry powder inhaler on one study day [5 doses · 0.4 mg per dose (nominal) delivered over 12 min] and received a 2-mg IM injection via the AtroPen