The objective of this assay was to investigate the effect of adding sunflower oil, Nannochloropsis oculata microalgae and their mixture at 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5% to three total mixed rations (TMRs) with different concentrate:forage ratios (40C:60F, 50C:50F, and 60C:40F) on in vitro gas production (GP), methane (CH) production, and nutrient degradability. Asymptotic GP, GP rate, CH concentration/g acid detergent fiber (ADF), dry matter (DM) degradability (DMD), short chain fatty acids (SCFAs), and ruminal bacteria population increased, but neutral detergent fiber (NDF) degradability (NDFD), ADF degradability (ADFD), and protozoa count decreased with increasing concentrate level in the TMR. Methane production/g DM and NDF was higher for 50C:50F TMR. Sunflower oil reduced asymptotic GP, lag time, CH production/g ADF, ammonia-N (NH-N), and SCFA. Compared to the control treatments, additives decreased GP rate, while sunflower oil/N. oculata mixture increased DMD and NDFD. All additives at 5% increased GP rate and lag time and decreased CH production/g DM, ADF, and NDF, ruminal NH-N, and protozoa count. All additives at 2% increased DMD, NDFD and ADFD, SCFA, and bacteria population. Supplementation of TMR, containing different concentrate:forage ratios, with sunflower oil, N. oculata, and sunflower oil/N. oculata mixture at different doses modified in vitro GP, CH production, and nutrient degradability.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVEEosinophilic lung diseases are a diverse group of disorders characterized by pulmonary opacities associated with tissue or peripheral eosinophilia.DESIGN AND SETTINGA retrospective study conducted at two tertiary care hospitals from January 1999 to December 2009.METHODSAll cases with the diagnosis of pulmonary eosinophilia were reviewed over a period of 10 years. Data on demographic, clinical, and radiologic characteristics were collected.RESULTSThirty-five patients with a mean age of 33.9 (16.2) years, of which 20 (57.1%) were male and meeting the criteria of eosinophilic lung disease were identified. Cough and dyspnea were the most frequent symptoms at presentation in 29 (82.9%) and 27 (77.1%) patients, respectively. Reticulonodular and airspace patterns were the most common radiographic findings in 17 (48.6%) and 15 (42.9%) patients, respectively. Peripheral eosinophilia was present in 33 (94.3%) patients. Twenty-four patients (68.6%) were labeled as having idiopathic pulmonary infiltrate with eosinophilia. Complete remission was achieved in 13 (54.2%) of 24 patients, while 10 (41.7%) patients relapsed within a few months of discontinuation of therapy. Specific therapy for a specific disease was administered in 8 patients: 2 patients for pulmonary tuberculosis, 2 for Churg–Strauss syndrome, 1 for lymphoma, 1 for schistosomiasis, 1 for acute eosinophilic pneumonia, and 1 for Wegener granuloma; 3 patients were treated as allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis.CONCLUSIONSPulmonary eosinophilia remains rare but challenging, and it can have the same diverse clinical and radiographic presentations seen with other common pulmonary conditions. Clinicians should be alert to these syndromes and must think of them in any lung disease differential diagnoses.

he present study was conducted during the period from (September 2012 to April 2013) at the experimental farm station, belongs to Anim. Prod. Dept., Fac. of Agric., Al-Azhar Univ. Thirty pregnant Rahmani ewes with an avg. 33.7 kg LBW and 3 years old age were used to investigate the effect of vitamin E daily supplementation to pregnant ewes at late gestation and early lactation on the productive performance of treated ewes and their offsprings. Experimental animals were randomly assigned (28 days prepartum) to three nutritional groups; the 1 st one served as a control (nil vitamin E supplement). The 2nd and 3rd groups were daily and individually administrated 400 IU of α-tocopherol acetate (vitamin E), 28 days prepartum (T1) and for 28 days pre and 28 days postpartum (T2). Experimental animals were offered their daily requirements during pregnancy and early lactation according to NRC recommendations (1985). Results obtained showed that; supplementing pregnant ewes with vitamin E didn't lead to any positive influences on improving their daily milk yield or milk chemical composition, although there were significant differences among different experimental groups in daily milk yield. Ewes of T2 recorded higher (p<0.05) daily milk yield (417 g /h/d) in compare with (348 g /h/d) for the control ewes group and (292 g /h/d) for T1 ewes, respectively. Vitamin E supplementation to pregnant and lactating ewes didn't lead to significant differences in most of daily milk yield and chemical composition traits. Although, there were significant differences among different ewes groups in fat and SNF percentages in favor of the two supplemented ewes groups. Vitamin E supplementation to pregnant and lactating ewes didn't improve productive performance of both the two supplemented ewes groups and their progenies. Ewes of T1 group weaned more (p<0.05) kg of lambs, but without significant difference with those of the control group. Ewes of T2 weaned lower (p<0.05) kg lambs. Ewes of T2 and the control group one indicated more efficient feed utilization in compare with T1 group. Vitamin E supplementation didn't improve (p<0.05) lambs productive performance. Although, there were significant differences among different lambs groups in lambs avg. weaning weight, daily gain and lambs feed conversion ratio. Lambs born to T2 ewes consumed (p<0.05) higher milk intake (417 g/h/d), but lower feed conversion ratio (3.06 kg MI/kg gain), while lambs born to T1 ewes consumed lower milk (292 g/h/d), but with an improved FC ratio (1.75 kg MI /kg gain). Lambs born to the control ewes group consumed (348 g/h/d), but with more efficient FC ratio (2.20 kg milk intake / kg gain) in comparison with the corresponding lambs born to T2 ewes groups. Lambs born to T1 supplemented ewes recorded higher (p<0.05) avg. weaning weight (13.73 kg/h) and faster daily weight gain (179 g/h/d), without significant difference with lambs born to the control ewes group (165 g/h/d), while lambs born to T2 supplemented ewes indicated lower weaning weight (11.40 kg /h) and slower...

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Radiolabelled acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) and salicylic acid (SA) were given intravenously to four near-term ewes and their occurrence in both maternal and fetal plasma was ascertained using a specific thin-layer chromatographic analysis procedure. Findings proved that ASA and SA cross the placental barrier and reach distribution equilibrium about 40 min after salicylate administration. The equilibrium plasma fetal/maternal ratio for both salicylates averaged 0.4. Plasma concentrations of the two compounds in the mother and the fetus accorded with a two-compartment model having unusually large mean estimates (54 and 39 L) for the tissue distribution space of ASA and SA, respectively. Furthermore, the mean SA clearance in the ewe (358 mL X min-1) was much greater than that reported in man, while the mean ASA clearance (764 mL X min-1) was similar. Since ASA is an irreversible inhibitor of arachidonate cyclooxygenase, our findings reassert the need for caution in the use of the drug during pregnancy.

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hirty five Ossimi male lambs with an average LBW 35 Kg were divided randomly into five nutritional groups for 195 days fattening trial. Five iso-caloric and iso-nitrogenous rations based mainly on yellow corn, grease and biscuit residuals were tested. The control ration (R1) based mainly on 45% corn grains (C); (R2) 30% corn and 6.5% grease (G); (R3) 15% corn, 15% bakery by-product (DBP) and 6.5% grease; (R4) 15% corn and 30% (DBP), while R5 was 45% (DBP). Results indicated that; lambs fed rations based mainly on (DBP) and (G) showed higher (p<0.05) DM and OM digestibility. Highest (CP) digestibility (p<0.05) was shown by lambs fed diet contained 30% DBP, however the lowest (P<0.05) CP digestibility was obtained by R5. Results of CF digestibility pointed out to insignificant differences among different experimental rations. Grease and (DBP) supplemented groups recorded higher (P<0.05) EE digestibility. Insignificant differences among different groups, neither in daily nitrogen intake nor in nitrogen retention (g/h/d). Four hrs. post feeding; higher (P<0.05) ruminal pH values were shown by lambs fed ration contained grease, while the control recorded the lowest one, but the highest (P<0.05) NH3-N value. Although, different experimental rations indicated insignificant NH3-N concentration. Grease rations showed lower (P<0.05) TVFA's, however the control indicated higher (P<0.05) value. Different experimental groups indicated insignificant LBW gain, while animals fed ration contained 45% (DBP) recorded the best (P<0.05) feed conversion ratio.

The present study was carried out to justify the nutritional value of quinoa hay or silage as unconventional forage source for feeding ruminants in compare with the ordinary berseem hay and corn silage. Two silages were examined, corn silage (CS) and quinoa silage (QS) and two hays; Berseem hay (BH) and Quinoa hay (QH) as roughages. Barley grains (BG) as concentrate (500g/ h/ day) with each of the previous rations was used to formulate four nutritional treatments in feeding experimental animals. Twelve adult Barki rams were used in digestibility trails (3 for each), while another three Barki adult ewes fitted with permanent rumen fistula were used in rumen fermentation and in situ study. Experimental animals were fed as above in the digestibility trials. The obtained results can be summarized as follow: Results showed that pH values of corn and quinoa silages at the opening time were 4.02 and 4.36, respectively with higher TVFA's concentration, and lower ammonia-N concentration, which could be considered as a good indicator of silage characteristics for both of quinoa and corn. Lactic and acetic acids were highest for corn silage in compare with quinoa silage. Digestion coefficient of DM, OM, CP and nutritive values in terms of (TDN% and DCP %) were significantly (P<0.05) higher for corn silage and berseem hay rations compared with quinoa in both forms. Berseem hay was the higher pH value without significant difference (P>0.05), among different groups. Ammonia-N concentration (mg/ 100 ml), rate of NH3-N production (mg/ 100 ml/ hr), and mean values of rate of out flow (%hr) from rumen of ewes fed quinoa hay or quinoa silage were higher (P<0.05) than those fed berseem hay and corn silage. On the contrarily, ewes fed berseem hay and corn silage, recorded higher (P<0.05) TVFA's concentration (meq/ 100 ml), higher rate of production (meq/ 100 ml), besides higher rumen volume (L) than those fed quinoa hay or silage. Berseem hay ration and corn silage recorded the higher (P<0.05) microbial nitrogen synthesis (MN g/d), in compare with quinoa hay and silage. And while pH value, ruminal volume, and microbial nitrogen synthesis (MN g/d), tended to decrease (P<0.05) with the advancing time of sampling; NH3-N (mg/ 100 ml), tended to increase (P<0.05).