A series of five chalcone derivatives were synthesized by Claisen-Schmidt condensation of acetophenone with appropriately substituted benzaldehyde in the presence of aqueous alkali. The synthesized compounds were characterized by their IR, NMR, and Mass spectral data. These compounds have been subjected to anti-inflammatory screening using the carrageenan-induced rat hind paw edema model. Chalcone derivatives at dose 25 mg/kg by oral route inhibited significantly the formation of edema. Chalcone posses a highly electrophilic a,b-unsaturated carbonyl moiety showed better anti-inflammatory activity.
Peptic ulcers are a broad term that includes ulcers of digestive tract in the stomach or the duodenum. The formation of peptic ulcers depends on the presence of acid and peptic activity in gastric juice plus a breakdown in mucosal defenses. There are two major factors that can disrupt the mucosal resistance to injury: non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) example, aspirin and Helicobacter pylori infection. Numerous natural products have been evaluated as therapeutics for the treatment of a variety of diseases, including peptic ulcer. There has been considerable pharmacological investigation into the antiulcer activity of some compounds. In this work, we shall review the literature on different medicinal plant and alkaloids with antiulcer activity. This article reviews the antiacid/anti-peptic, gastroprotective and/or antiulcer properties of the most commonly employed herbal medicines and their identified active constituents. The experimental parameters used for antiulcer activity were cold restraint stress-induced ulcer model, Diclofenac-induced ulcer model in rats, (HCl–ethanol)-induced ulcer in mice and water immersion stress-induced ulcer in rats. The ideal aims of treatment of peptic ulcer disease are to relieve pain, heal the ulcer and delay ulcer recurrence. About 70% of patients with peptic ulcer disease are infected by Helicobacter pylori and eradication of this microorganism seems to be curative for this disease. This article reviews drugs derived from medicinal plant more commonly used in the world for peptic ulcer and, if reported, the antiulcer activity. This article will be concerned only with the antiulcer and gastro-protective effects.
Hepatoprotective activity of stem bark extracts of Ficus religiosa Linn. (Moraceae) investigated against Paracetamol (2g/kg) induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Stem bark powder of Ficus religiosa was successively extracted with different solvent by soxhlet apparatus. The extracts of F. religiosa stem bark were administered in a dose of 200 mg/kg orally. Silymarin (100mg/kg) was used as standard drug. The hepatoprotective effect of these extracts was evaluated by the assessment of biochemical parameter such as SGOT, SGPT, ALP, Total bilirubin, and histopathological studies of the liver. The preliminary Phytochemical screening of F. religiosa revealed the presence of Triterpenoids, Flavonoids, Saponins, Steroids, Tannins and Phenolic compounds, Carbohydrate, Protein. The treatment with extract of F. religiosa showed significant reduction of Paracetamol induced elevated serum enzyme levels. The present study shows that extract of Ficus religiosa L. has significant hepatoprotective activity and methanolic extract was found to exhibit greater hepatoprotective activity than the other extract.
Ashwagandha is erect, branched shrub with long roots .Leaves are simle,petiolate varying in shape from oval, elongated, acute to obtuse at apex and oblique at base. Flowers are produced intermittently with a ripe orangered fruit. [1,6] It is cultivated in drier regions of Manasa, Neemuch, Mandsaur of Madhya Pradesh, Punjab, and Rajasthan. [1] The chemical constituents in the roots of WS are categorized in several groups such as steroidal lactones (Withanolides, Withaferins), alkaloids (Isopelletienin, Anaferine), flavanoids, tannins, saponins and several sitoindosides. WS is also rich in iron. The alkaloids such as Withanine, Withananine and the steroidal lactones as Ashwagandhanolide, Withaferin, Withaferin A (WA),24-dienolide, 4βdihydroxy-5β, 6β-epoxy-1-oxo-22Rwitha-2, 14-24-, Trienolide ,5, 20α (R)-dihydroxy-6α, 7αepoxy-1-oxo-(5α) -Witha-2, 24-dienolide are the major constituents. WA and WithaD possess significant antitumor and radiosensitizing properties. [1,6,10] The leaves contain steroidal lactones commonly called as withanolides. The withanolides have C28 steroidal nucleus with C9 side chain, with a six memebered lactone ring. Ashwagandhanolide, WA, Sitoindoside IX, Physagulin D, Withanoside IV and Viscosalactone B have effects on ABSTRACT Cancer is a hyper proliferative disorder characterized by the abnormal proliferation of cells that invades into the adjacent tissues and causes the destruction. Many cancers are hereditary, other arise from the internal and external environmental factor. Various treatment modalities available for cancer are Surgery, Radiation, Chemotherapy and targeted therapy. Inspite of major advances in drug discovery, research is still undergoing to understand complex biology of cancer with new therapeutics available. A popular ayurvedic herb Withania Somnifera (WS) also known as Indian Winter Cherry and Indian Ginseng is used as a traditional medicine for various cancers. The results of the studies carried out on WS and its chemical components like Withaferin A(WA), Withanolide D (WithaD) etc, describe that it is effective in prevention and treatment of different kinds of cancer like colon, blood, lung, skin, breast, renal, fibrosarcoma, prostate, pancreatic, renal, malignant melanoma, osteosarcoma by preventing proliferation and progression of cancer cells, alteration in hematological and biochemical parameters, modulation of cell cycle markers etc. Withania somnifera can be given alone or in combination with synthetic drugs. Identification of novel natural anticancer compound is highly demanding for prevention and treatment of cancer. However, multicentric long term clinical studies should be carried out to provide complementary and alternative therapy.
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