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Neospora caninum-specific antibodies were detected in 60 of 172 (34.8%) dairy cattle by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in a herd from Parana State, Brazil. The seropositive animals included 47 of 126 (37.3%) adult cows, 7 of 29 (24%) heifers (1-2 yr), 4 of 15 (27%) heifers (5 mo-1 yr), and 2 precolostral samples. Data collected over a 9-yr follow-up period revealed that the proportion of pregnancies ending in abortion was 20% (31/154) among ELISA seropositive cows and 8% (15/193) among seronegative cows. The farm recorded 46 abortions, of which 31 (67.3%) were from seropositive cows. All sera positive by ELISA (n = 60) and sera from cows (n = 11) that were ELISA-negative but that had aborted were tested by the indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT) at dilutions from 1:25 to 1:200. All sera from ELISA-positive cows (n = 47) had an IFAT titer of 1:25:35 (74%) of these sera were also seropositive at a dilution of 1:200 (IFAT). Cows seropositive by ELISA had a 4-fold increased risk of having aborted at least once, compared to ELISA-seronegative cows. This association was statistically significant (P = 0.0016). The attributable fraction for this association indicated that approximately 76% of the risk for a cow having a history of abortion was attributable to seroconversion to N. caninum.

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RESUMOAnticorpos anti-Neospora caninum foram detectados pela reação de imunofluorescência indireta (RIFI), em cães errantes e domiciliados das áreas urbana, periurbana e rurais de Curitiba, estado do Paraná, Brasil. Do total de 556 cães, 18,17% (101) foram soropositivos para N. caninum (título de 1:50). A frequência de anticorpos foi de 12,71% nos cães urbanos, de 15,73% nos periurbanos e de 25,38% nos cães rurais. Nos cães rurais a frequência de anticorpos foi maior do que nos cães urbanos (P<0.05). Não houve diferença significativa entre as frequências de anticorpos dos cães urbanos e periurbanos (P>0,05), e dos periurbanos e rurais (P>0,05). Os anticorpos anti N. caninum foram detectados em 34 de 233 cães domiciliados (14,59%) e em 17 de 126 cães errantes (13,49%). Não houve diferença estatística significativa entre o tipo de criação e a origem (P>0,05). Neospora caninum está presente nos cães urbanos e periurbanos de Curitiba e nas áreas rurais do Estado do Paraná. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Neosporose; anticorpos; reação de imunofluorescência indireta. INTRODUCTIONNeospora caninum is an apicomplexan protozoan that was first described and isolated from dogs (DUBEY et al., 1988) and later associated with bovine abortion. The parasite has since been recognized as one of the major causes of abortion There were no significant differences between the frequencies of antibodies in urban and periurban dogs (P>0.05), and between dogs from periurban and rural areas (P>0.05). Antibodies to N. caninum were detected in 34 of 233 domiciled dogs (14.59%) and in 17 of 126 stray dogs (13.49%). No statistical differences were observed considering life-style and geographic location of origin (P>0.05). Neospora caninum is widespread among dogs from urban, periurban and rural areas of the municipal district of Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil.