All tissues of the joint are affected in some way in osteoarthritis because the joint is an interactively functioning unit. Our goal was to investigate the combined responses of articular cartilage and subchondral bone to altered loading conditions to improve our understanding of the physiology of these two components and, ultimately, the pathophysiology of osteoarthritis. A group of 20 female beagle dogs were divided pairwise into runners (n = 10) and controls (n = 10). The running training on a treadmill started at the age of 15 weeks, and during the following 40 weeks the running distance was gradually increased to 40 km/day with a 15 degree uphill inclination. With this daily running distance the beagles ran another 15 weeks. The samples for histology were taken from 11 different locations of the knee joint. Subchondral bone and articular cartilage histomorphometry was carried out in three different regions of the specimens (central, middle, and peripheral regions) using an image-analyzing system and an eyepiece graticule. In all regions of the articular cartilage, both the uncalcified and calcified cartilage showed slightly increased thickness in the runner dogs. The change was more evident in the peripheral and the central areas. The thickness of the subchondral bone plate tended to be higher in runners, too. Bone histomorphometric parameters showed significant signs of increased remodeling. The most notable change was the enlargement of the bone formation surface. The most intense remodeling was usually observed either centrally or peripherally in the articular surface. The strongest increase in trabecular bone volume and thickness of the cartilage was recorded in the femoropatellar area.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

To assess prognosis and indications for allografting articular surfaces, osteological examination is of increasing importance. In this study 93 femoral heads of patients with primary osteoarthritis could be differentiated into three osteologic types using histomorphometry: (1) the osteosclerotic type (77% of cases), (2) the hyperostotic type, with excessive neogenesis of bone all over the femoral head and increased formation of osteophytes (10% of cases), and (3) the osteopenic type, with decreased bone mass and features of bone remodelling, a greater occurrence of subchondral cysts, and small osteophytes (8% of cases). Radiological and clinical features to distinguish these groups are given. The consequences for pathogenesis and clinical practice are discussed.

William Coley, between 1895 and 1936, treated hundreds of cancer patients using infusions of fever inducing bacerial extracts. Similar experiments were done by Klyuyeva and co-workers in the 1940ies in Russia using trypanosoma extracts. Many remissions and cures were reported. We have conjectured that pathogen associated molecular pattern substances (PAMP) are the molecular explanation for the beneficial treatments in both groups. We could show that a combination of PAMP can eradicate solid tumours in cancer mice if applied several times. Accordingly, we suggested to combine PAMP containing approved drugs to treat cancer patients using a protocol similar to the old fever induction regimen. In this retrospective phase-1 study we report on the fever induction capacity and safety of applications of bacterial extracts, combinations of bacterial extracts with approved drugs, and combinations of approved drugs in 131 mainly cancer patients. Adverse reactions were those which can be expected during a feverish infection and mild. Over 523 fever inductions, no severe adverse reaction was observed.

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The highly-dosed infusion with Procaine-HCl with sodium-bicarbonate as additive was firstly published twenty years ago. The method advanced to a routine in many centers for pain treatment, rehabilitation and natural medicine. The aim of the procedure is the systemic use of the various pharmacological features of Procaine, especially to inhibit pain and inflammation, for vasodilatation, anti-oxidation and to harmonize the vegetative nervous system. The addition of sodium-bicarbonate balances the common latent pH-decrease in the periphery. The degradation products of Procaine, diethylaminoethanol (DEAE) and para-amino benzoic acid (PABA), have a systemic effect. For the safety of the patients after 500.000 applications: the procaine-infusion is safe. To improve the success rate of the method of the classic Procaine-Base-infusion should be realized an acid-base-diagnostic.

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