Osteoarthritis and bone: osteologic types of osteoarthritis of the hip

Abstract

To assess prognosis and indications for allografting articular surfaces, osteological examination is of increasing importance. In this study 93 femoral heads of patients with primary osteoarthritis could be differentiated into three osteologic types using histomorphometry: (1) the osteosclerotic type (77% of cases), (2) the hyperostotic type, with excessive neogenesis of bone all over the femoral head and increased formation of osteophytes (10% of cases), and (3) the osteopenic type, with decreased bone mass and features of bone remodelling, a greater occurrence of subchondral cysts, and small osteophytes (8% of cases). Radiological and clinical features to distinguish these groups are given. The consequences for pathogenesis and clinical practice are discussed.

The role of subchondral bone remodeling in osteoarthritis: Reduction of cartilage degeneration and prevention of osteophyte formation by alendronate in the rat anterior cruciate ligament transection model

“…Although OA has long been considered to be primarily a cartilage disorder associated with focal articular cartilage degradation, this disease is accompanied by well-defined changes in the subchondral and periarticular bone, including sclerosis and cyst and osteophyte formation (1). The importance of the bone changes in the initiation and progression of OA is still being debated.…”

Expansion of an osteoarthritic cyst associated with wear debris

“…1 Although the cause of primary OA is not known, increased bone remodelling is a distinctive feature of the condition. 2,3 The pathogenesis of these bone changes is poorly understood, but they appear to be influenced by alterations in abnormal mechanical forces around the affected joint.…”

Dissecting the Role of Sphingosine 1-Phosphate - Sphingosine 1-Phosphate Receptor 1 in Inflammatory Bone Remodelling

“…However, in some cases, inflammation may also result in aberrantly-induced bone formation. A typical case is osteophyte formation -abnormally formed bone tissue found around damaged joints such as arthritic tissues (Oettmeier & Abendroth, 1989). The similar phenomenon also happens in infection-induced bone destructive diseases such as osteomyelitis (Lew & Waldvogel, 2004) and apical condensing osteitis (Eliasson, et al, 1984) -a special subset of apical periodontitis, which features with over-induced bone formation.…”

“…Therefore, under infection-induced inflammation, the interaction between macrophages and BMSCs leads to the activation of S1P-S1PR1 signalling in BMSCs, which then induce osteogenesis. Although inflammation is generally thought to lead to bone loss (Redlich & Smolen, 2012), it has also been shown to induce abnormal osteogenesis under chronical inflammations, as exemplified by bone spurs in arthritis (Oettmeier & Abendroth, 1989) and spondylarthrosis (Nathan, et al, 1994). Excessive bone formation has also been found in infection-induced inflammation, such as chronic osteomyelitis (Lew & Waldvogel, 2004) and apical periodontitis (Eliasson, et al, 1984).…”

“…Inflammation is necessary as an initial response in the healing injuries such as bone fractures (Mountziaris & Mikos, 2008). Also, excessive bone formation (such as osteophyte or bone spurs) has been found in chronical inflammations, such as arthritis (Oettmeier & Abendroth, 1989), and spondylarthrosis (Nathan, Pope, & Grobler, 1994). Similar phenomena are also seen in infection-induced inflammation, such as chronic osteomyelitis (Lew & Waldvogel, 2004) and apical periodontitis (Eliasson, Halvarsson, & Ljungheimer, 1984).…”