In man amiloride hydrochloride has been shown to be an orally effective diuretic which causes a positive potassium balance. It also enhances the saluretic effects of hydrochlorothiazide and ethacrynic acid and in addition prevents the negative potassium balance caused by these diuretics (Wilson et al., 1966;Gombos et al., 1966 Control readings are the average for all cases for the second outpatient visit. Treatment averages include the three-and six-week readings for all patients.There was no significant difference between the average blood urea in the pretreatment period (31 mg./100 ml.) and the average blood urea when either amiloride alone (32 mg./100 ml.) or hydrochlorothiazide (33 mg./100 ml.) was given. However, on the combined diuretic regimen the average blood urea rose significantly to 40 mg./100 ml. as compared with the pretreatment value (P=0.013). The average plasma potassium was signicantly higher (P= 0.011) on amiloride (4.6 mEq/l.) than before treatment (4.2 mEq/l.). However, no individual value was higher than the upper limit of the normal range, and the highest value recorded was 5.1 mEq/l. On hydrochlorothiazide the average plasma potassium fell to 3.7 mEq/l., which was significantly less than control (P=0.016), and in addition three individual values were below the lower limit of normal (3.0, 3.1, 3.1 mEq/l.). On the combined regimen the average value (4.0 mEq/l.) was not significantly different from that before treatment; only one reading was below normal (3.7 mEq/l.) and the highest value was 4.3 mEq/1.
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