Background: Agriculture by-products are considered a great potential value for utilization by ruminants as well as rabbits. They usually can be the maintenance and part of the production requirements. However, in developing countries, as well as in Egypt, animals suffer from shortage of feeds that are continuously increasing in costs. In general, biological treatments were shown to be the most effective and improved chemical composition of rice straw or corn stalks. Method: This work aimed to investigate the possible ways of utilizing rice straws or corn stalks in rabbit feeding. The field work is designed to study the effect of biological treatment of Pleurotus ostreatus cultivated on rice straws and Trichoderma reesei cultivated on corn stalks and replacing clover hay by rice straws and corn stalks at levels of 0, 33, 66, and 100% either without or with microbes adding. Seventy-eight New Zealand White (NZW) rabbits aged 4-5 weeks (565 ± 13.57 g) were randomly divided into thirteen equal experimental groups. Results: Untreated rice straws or biologically treated with Pleurotus ostreatus increased their contents of crude protein (CP) by 178.75 and 224.5% and nitrogen-free extract (NFE) by 6.30 and 24.53, respectively. Meanwhile, crude fiber (CF) content was reduced by 31.32 and 56.75%, and organic matter content was decreased by 2.81 and 5.51%, respectively, in comparison with the raw rice straws. Also, biological treatment of rice straws caused a decrease in values of neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), acid detergent lignin (ADL), and hemicellulose contents in comparison with either raw or treated rice straws. Furthermore, biological treatment with Trichoderma reesei realized a decrease in organic matter (OM), CF, NDF, and ADF and increased CP and ash contents in corn stalks. NFE content of corn stalks was decreased as a result of treatment without or with Trichoderma reesei experimental rations by 11.95% and 3.82% compared to raw corn stalks (CS). Biological treatments with fungi significantly (P < 0.05) improved average daily gain (ADG) and feed conversion. ADG and feed conversion were significantly (P < 0.05) improved when rabbits were fed diets containing rice straw (RS) compared to that fed CS.
T HE aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of feeding biological treated rice straw with Pleurotusostreatus or treated corn stalks with Trichodermareesei at different levels on carcass characteristics of rabbits. Dried treated rice straw (RS) or corn stalks (CS) were used to formulate the experimental pelleted diet by substituting of berseem hay with treated rice straw with medium only (without Pleurotusostreatus) and biological treated rice straw with Pleurotusostreatus (BTRS) or treated corn stalks with medium only (without Trichodermareesei) and biological treated corn stalks with Trichodermareesei (BTCS) at different levels. All diets were formulated to be iso-nitrogenous and iso-caloric, and to meet nutrients requirements for growing rabbits. A number of 78 weaned New-Zealand white rabbits about 6 weeks of age and weighed 500 g in average were randomly divided into 13 groups (R1 to R13) 6 rabbits in each. The experimental groups were fed as following the first group fed control diet (0% rice straw or corn stalks) and other 12 groups were fed on diets containing rice straw either with or without fungi or corn stalks either with or without fungi at 33, 66 and 100% as replacing of berseem hay (11, 22 and 33% of total diet). At the end of the experimental period (91 days), three rabbits from each group were slaughtered to evaluate carcass characteristics. The results showed that the values were significantly (P<0.05) higher with the slaughter weight (SW). The eviscerated body (EBW), carcass weight (CW1) and carcass weight and total giblets(CW2) with R13 (BTCS) ration and R6 ration were significantly (P<0.05) higher with CW1, CW2 and BTRS rations than other experimental rations. While SW, EBW, CW1 and CW2 were significantly lower with R2 (NBTRS) ration than other experimental rations. Values of the dressing percentage (DP1) showed that R6 (BTRS) ration was significantly higher while R3 (NBTRS) ration was significantly lower than other experimental rations. The values of the dressing percentage (DP3) showed that R10 (NBTCS) ration and R12 (BTCS) rations were significantly higher than other experimental rations. The average values of carcass cuts showed that R5 and R6 with (BTRS) rations were improved (P<0.05). The excellent carcass cuts weight (middle part than that of the control diet). It's worthy to recommend the treated rice straw or corn stalks with fungi to be used to enhance carcass characteristics in rabbits' diet. Conclusion :It was concluded that the treatment of rice straw with Pleurotusostreatus and corn stalks with Trichodermareesei (especially the replacement of berseem hay with 100% of the biological treated BTRS and BTCS) had beneficial returns on the carcass characteristics (traits) of the growing white New Zealand rabbits.
Background: Corn stalk as low quality roughage is high in lignocellulytic materials and low in readily available carbohydrates and nitrogen as well as several minerals. Intake and utilization of it can be increase by applying some treatments; physical, chemical, and biological methods, biological method shows the most effective method. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of replacing clover hay (it is high quality roughage in Egypt and high price) by fungal treated corn stalks with Trichoderma ressei on carcass characteristics and meat analysis of rabbits. Forty-two weaned New Zealand white rabbits were divided to two groups. The first group (24 rabbits) was divided into 4 subgroups (6 each), and were fed diets contained 0% corn stalks (control), 33, 66, and 100% treated corn stalks with media only (without Trichoderma ressei). The second group (18 rabbits) was divided into 3 subgroups (6 each), and were fed diets contained 33, 66, and 100% fungal treated corn stalks with Trichoderma ressei as replaced of clover hay (11, 22, and 33% of whole), each group was divided into 3 replicates (2 each). At the end of the trial, 3 rabbits from each group were slaughtered to derermine carcass characteristics and chemical composition of meat. Results: There were no significant differences in values of dressing percentages either between treatments or levels. Also, the interaction between treatments and levels were no significant. Feeding fungal treated corn stalks did not significant effect on dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), and ether extract (EE), while significant(P < 0.05) increased ash content compared with without Trichoderma reesei. And feeding 100% corn stalks recorded (P < 0.05) the highest value compared with levels 33 and 66%. The interaction between treatments and levels on CP, EE, and ash was significant, the results pointed that fed level of 66% treated corn stalks was significant (P < 0.05) increased CP content compared with 66% without Trichoderma reesei. Also fed level of 100% treated corn stalks was recorded (P < 0.05) the highest value of ash content compared with level of 66% treated CS and with levels of 33, 66, and 100% without Trichoderma reesei, respectively. While fed treated corn stalks at 66% significant (P < 0.05) decreased EE content compared with feeding level of 66% without Trichoderma reesei. But, there were no significant difference in DM content. It could be concluded that treated corn stalks with fungi could be used without any adverse effects and enhance carcass characteristics and chemical composition of rabbits meat.
The main objectives of the present experiment were to investigate the effect of biological treatment (fungus + yeast) on chemical composition and utilizability of treated (corn cobs) in sheep ration.Twenty growing cross bred (Rahmani × Ossimi) male lambs of 4 months old and mean body weight 28 kg were distributed into four similar groups. The treated corn cobs were to replace 0, 10, 20 or 30% of Berseem hay included in the feed mixture fed to growing lamb groups R 1 , R 2 , R 3 and R 4 , respectively. The experimental period lasted for 90 days.Feed mixtures were offered daily at 3% of live body weight and groundnut vines were ad-lib.Results indicated that, the average body weight gain, feed intake and feed efficiency differed significantly higher for sheep fed R 4 followed by R 3 . However, no significant differences were detected between R 2 and the control ration. Feed efficiency values were significantly between groups and the highest values were recorded with R 4 and R 3 . Digestibilities of DM, OM, CP and EE were significantly different among groups. The highest values were recorded for R 4 ration of almost nutrients. Concentration of ammonia-nitrogen (NH 3 -N) and total volatile fatty acids at 3 hrs post feeding were significantly higher in treated groups than that of control one. However, the least feed cost/kg gain was that of treatment (R4) followed by (R3) than the control.The biological treatments applied in the present study could be used without any adverse effect on the tested hemato-biochemical parameters. It could be concluded that replacement up to 30% of Berseem hay by biological treated corn cobs improved the productive performance of growing lambs.
Sixteen of baladi male goats aged 6 months old with an average weight 20.2 Kg were divided into four groups (each of four animals) to study the growth promoting effect of onion and garlic. The groups were subjected at random to feed on four formulated rations mixtures. The first group (control) was fed on concentrate feed mixture CFM without supplements, while animals in second, third and fourth groups were fed on CFM+ 2000 g of fresh onion, CFM + 600g of remainder fresh garlic and CFM + 1000g of remainder fresh onion + 300g of remainder fresh garlic group, respectively, as supplements. Animals in all groups were fed on concentrate feed mixtures (CFM) ad lib. The diets were given for a fattening period which lasted for 112 days. Four digestibility and nitrogen balance trials were conducted at the end of the feeding experiment. The main results showed that feed supplements significantly (P 0.05) improved, the digestion coefficients of OM, CF,EE and NFE , than those of the control ration. All feed supplements improved average daily gain and feed conversion (Kg DM/Kg gain) by about 10.5, 15.8 and 13.1% and 10.7, 13.9 and 16.0% for rations II, III and IV, respectively, than those of control ration. However, such differences did not achieve significancy among groups. Rumen fluid parameters (pH-ammonia-N and total volatile fatty acids), for rations containing different supplements were not significant changed before feeding than those for control group. However, supplementation were significantly (P 0.05) increased ammonia -N and total volatile fatty acids 3 hrs. post feeding than control group. Blood plasma of animal feed rations supplemented with either onion or garlic were significantly (P 0.05) lower in cholesterol and triglyceride than that of the control group. However, feeding supplements had no significant effect on plasma total protein, albumin, globulin, urea and creatinine.Microbial count of rumen fluid from animal feed rations with onion or garlic supplements showed that bacteria, cellulose digesters, starch digester, proteolytic bacteria, lipolitic bacteria, methanogenic, lactobacilli, streptococci, actinomyceter and protozoa count were improved with experimental supplements than those with control ration. While fungi count was decreased (P 0.05) with feed supplements than control ration. The economical efficiency of rations supplemented with onion and or garlic were remarkable and the feeding cost was decreased as kg DM/kg gain by 15.7, 15.8 and 19.1% in comparison with control ration.It could be concluded that remainder onion and or garlic are advisable to be added in fresh form to rations of growing goat diets to improve their growth performance and to decrease the feeding cost in practical feeding applications.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.