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IN a previous communication a description was given of the lesions that occurred in rabbits when the same area of skin was inoculated by scarification with a suspension of glycerolated Shope papillomas from a cottontail rabbit and a suspension of sheep dermatitis lesions (Selbie, 1946). It was observed that the two infections had a suppressing or interfering effect on each other, and that the magnitude of this effect depended on the timing of the inoculation of the two infective suspensions. The most important results of these experiments, however, were obtained from infectivity tests on the skin of normal rabbits with extracts of papillomas arising from the mixed infection. Papillomas that had arisen from skin inoculated with the two infective suspensions at different times failed to infect rabbits, and in this respect behaved in a manner to be expected of Shope papillomas in the domestic rabbit which are rarely infective. On the other hand, papillomas derived from simultaneous inoculation of both infections proved infective, and the yield of papillomas was greater than that obtained in our hands on the rare occasions that domestic rabbit papillomas had been transmitted.In the present communication it will be shown that the papillomatous infection has been transmitted in domestic rabbits to the 10th serial passage, and that the behaviour of this infection is similar to that found in domestic rabbits that have been inoculated with virus derived from papillomas in cottontail rabbits. MATERIAL AND METHODS.The methods used were essentially the same as those used previously (Selbie, 1946). Market rabbits from various dealers were prepared for inoculation or treatment with croton oil by plucking the fur from one or two areas of skin on both flanks, each area measuring 6 by 8 cm. Passage of the papillomatous infection was carried out by rubbing 4 drops of a 10 per cent saline extract of papillomas from the previous passage into each of the epilated areas of skin after scarification with a needle. Papillomas used for passage, 1 to 20 in number, were removed by operation at the times indicated in Table I, except in the case of Rabbit 2, Passage 8, which was sacrificed. Extracts were prepared and inoculated immediately after removal of the papillomas except for Passage 8, in which case the extract was prepared from papillomas that had been stored at refrigerator temperature for 89 days in 50 per cent glycerol.Two methods were used to alter the receptivity of the skin to the papillomatous infection. The first procedure was to treat the skin before inoculation with six applications of 0-3 per cent of croton oil in acetone on alternate days. In the second procedure the skin was inoculated with a mixed virus suspension

Summary: The effect of acidity on the growth of Cl. botulinum was studied by following changes in the viable count of cultures in acid buffered broths containing bread crumbs, after inoculation with about 104 vegetative cells or spores/ml. In 9 out of 10 experiments growth did not occur below pH 5.0; in the tenth it took place at pH 4.8. There was no significant difference between vegetative cells and spores.

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The ability of organisms isolated from the flora of whalemeat to produce trimethylamine from trimethylamine oxide, choline and lecithin has been investigated with reference t o the production of ' fishy ' flavours. More than half produced it from trimethylamine oxide, one-eighth from choline and none from lecithin. It is not decided how far this may be significant in commercial practice.

he rang me up and asked if he could show me how well he was. Certainly, eighteen months after my hopeless forecast, he looked as well as any man of his age in Europe and showed no sign of cancer. Fortunately he was pleased about it and did not threaten to sue me for £6,000 damages. The surgeon who never does a severe operation has the fewest deaths, but he saves the fewest lives. The man who limits his operations on hypertension to a small group of young people who respond well to all tests has a wonderfully low death rate and high cure rate, but he passes bv all those who need help most. The surgeon who closes up a high proportion of his cancer laparotomies as " inoperable" and reserves his resection for the early growths can show a fine record on paper; how will he himself show up before the recording angel ? I personally suspect the man with huge figures and a negligible mortality of being a surgical spiv.One gastric surgeon surprised the world some years ago by recording 500 gastrectomies for ulcer with 0.6% mortality. Fine ! He then reached a total of 1,000 cases with a mortality of 0.6%. Grand ! A little later he popped up with 2,000 with a mortality of 0.6%. Marvellous ! He now has 3,000 with a mortality of 0.6%. Incredible; especially as the gastrectomies are all done under inhalation anaesthesia with open ether in a clinic where the science of anaesthesia is much where Morton left it. It is clear that to this man, a skilled surgeon, the figure of 0.6% is a symbol, a creed, a banner beneath which he goes into battle. It is his story, and he is going to stick to it. As for myself I shall leave him stuck. is brought into surgery by a love of his fellow men and a sincere wish to help them. As the years go by experience will increase that love and, if he uses it right, will make his power to help more effective. But he must leave it to others to judge in how far he has succeeded.

The incidence of umbilical hernia in a family of Cornish rex cats approximated monogenic proportions. The genetic and developmental basis for umbilical hernia may be similar in cats and dogs. The defect is probably a polygenic threshold character, possibly involving a major gene whose expression is mediated by the genetic (breed) background.