In recent years fluids containing suspension of nanometer sized particles have been an active area of research due to their enhanced thermo physical properties over the base fluids like water, oil etc. Nanofluids possess immense potential applications to improve heat transfer and energy efficient in several areas including automobile, micro electronics, nuclear, space and power generation. Nowadays most of the researchers are trying to use the nanofluids in automobile for various applications such as coolant, fuel additives, lubricant, shock absorber and refrigerant. The goal of this paper is to create the awareness on the promise of nanofluids and the impact it will have on the future automotive industry. This paper also presents a comprehensive data of nanofluids application in automobile for various aspects.

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Apart from many limitations, the usage of hydrogen in different day-to-day applications have been increasing drastically in recent years. However, numerous techniques available to produce hydrogen, electrolysis of water is one of the simplest and cost-effective hydrogen production techniques. In this method, water is split into hydrogen and oxygen by using external electric current. In this research, a novel hydrogen production system incorporated with Photovoltaic -Thermal (PVT) solar collector is developed. The influence of different parameters like solar collector tilt angle, thermal collector design and type of heat transfer fluid on the performance of PVT system and hydrogen production system are also discussed. Finally, thermal efficiency, electrical efficiency, and hydrogen production rate have been predicted by using the Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) technique. Based on this study results, it can be inferred that the solar collector tilt angle plays a significant role to improve the performance of the electrical and thermal performance of PVT solar system and Hydrogen yield rate. On the other side, the spiral-shaped thermal collector with water exhibited better end result than the other hydrogen production systems. The predicted results ANFIS techniques represent an excellent agreement with the experimental results. In consequence, it is suggested that the developed ANFIS model can be adopted for further studies to predict the performance of the hydrogen production system.

Abstract. In this paper, the PV/T (Photovoltaic thermal unit) system is investigated experimentally to examine the thermal, electrical and overall efficiency by circulating Al 2 O 3 /water nanofluid of 1wt% and 2wt% with an optimum flow rate of 40L/H. The overall efficiency of PVT system is largely influenced by various factors such as heat due to photovoltaic action; energy radiated at the infrared wavelength of the solar spectrum, solar irradiance, mounting structure, tilt angle, wind speed direction, Ambient temperature and panel material composition. However, the major factor is considered in this study to extract the heat generated in the PV panel by using nanofluid as a coolant to increase the overall system efficiency. Therefore, the result shows that by using 2 wt% Al 2 O 3 /water nanofluid the electrical efficiency, thermal efficiency and overall efficiency of the PVT system enhanced by 13%, 45%, and 58% respectively compared with water. Keywords: PVT system, electrical efficiency, thermal efficiency, Al 2 O 3 /water nanofluid, IntroductionHybrid PVT System absorbs the direct solar radiation and converts into electrical and thermal energy. In this system solar cell, converts sunlight into electrical energy i.e electricity, and the thermal collector captures the remaining energy and removes heat generated by the PV panel. Matin Ghadidri et al., [1] investigated the performance of PVT system using ferrofluid as a heat transfer medium. They reported that the overall system efficiency is about 76% by using ferrofluid of 3wt% as a cooling medium. Michael et al., [2] analyzed that the copper sheet laminated PV/T system using 0.05 % copper oxide -water nanofluid .the result revealed that the thermal efficiency of 45.76%. Mohammad Sardarabadi et al., [3] investigated experimentally the effect of Silica/water on PV/T system. The result revealed that the thermal efficiency of 7.6% and 12.8% in case of 1wt% and 3wt% and the total exergy efficiency is about 24.31% at 3 wt% of Silica-water nanofluid respectively. YingYing Wu et al.,[4] studied the performance of photo electric hybrid system. The result showed that the unglazed PVT gives higher system performance by using nanofluid compared with water. Wei He et al., [5] studied the performance of a thermoelectric cooling and heating system in summer and winter operation modes. The result revealed that the COP of the system reaches 1.7 and the electrical and thermal efficiency increases into 16.7% and 23.5% respectively. Khelifa et al., [6] analyzed the hybrid PV/T system using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD). Adnan Ibrahim et al.,

TIn this present study, the forced convection heat transfer performance of different fluids, namely, Al2O3-water, and CuO-water nanofluid has been studied experimentally in an automobile radiator. Three different concentration of nanofluid in the range of 0-1.0 vol.% have been prepared by addition of Al2O3and CuO nanoparticles into water. The test fluid flow rate can be varied in the range of 2 l/min to 5 l/min to have a fully turbulent regime. Obtained results demonstrate that the fluid circulating rate can improve the heat transfer performance. The heat transfer performance of CuO-water nanofluid was found better than the other heat transfer fluids. Furthermore, the Nusselt number is found to increase with the increase in the nanoparticle concentration and nanofluid velocity.

This article reports the effects of CuO/water based coolant on specific fuel consumption and exhaust emissions of four stroke single cylinder diesel engine. The CuO nanoparticles of 27 nm were used to prepare the nanofluid-based engine coolant. Three different volume concentrations (i.e 0.05%, 0.1%, and 0.2%) of CuO/water nanofluids were prepared by using two-step method. The purpose of this study is to investigate the exhaust emissions (NO x ), exhaust gas temperature and specific fuel consumption under different load conditions with CuO/water nanofluid. After a series of experiments, it was observed that the CuO/water nanofluids, even at low volume concentrations, have a significant influence on exhaust emissions. The experimental results revealed that, at full load condition, the specific fuel consumption was reduced by 8.6%, 15.1% and 21.1% for the addition of 0.05%, 0.1% and 0.2% CuO nanoparticles with water, respectively. Also, the emission tests were concluded that 881 ppm, 853 ppm and 833 ppm of NO x emissions were observed at high load with 0.05%, 0.1% and 0.2% volume concentrations of CuO/water nanofluids, respectively. W sp -Weight of solid particles (kg) W w -Weight of water (kg) ρ sp -Density of solid particle (kg/m 3 ) ρ w -Density of water (kg/m 3 )