Effects of sonication time and temperature on thermal conductivity of CuO/water and Al 2 O 3 /water nanofluids with and without surfactant

Gangadevi, R.; Vinayagam, B. K.; Senthilraja, S.

doi:10.1016/j.matpr.2017.12.347

Cited by 34 publications

(14 citation statements)

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“…The achieved results are different from those typically observed in conventional NFs. For instance, Amrollahi et al [37] (SWCNTs/ethylene glycol, sonication 1–24 h) and Gangadevi et al [44] (CuO/water, Al 2 O 3 /water, sonication 1–4 h) noted a continuous enhancement in thermal conductivity of NFs with sonication time, while Zheng et al [45] (Fe 3 O 4 /liquid paraffin, sonication 2–4 h) and Asadi et al [38] (MWCNTs/water, sonication 10–80 min) reported that with increasing sonication time first the thermal conductivity was gradually enhanced, then reached its maximum (at 3 h and 1 h, respectively), and finally began to decline. Nevertheless, some other researchers like Sadeghi et al [46] (Al 2 O 3 /water, sonication 0–3 h) and Mahbubul et al [47] (Al 2 O 3 /water, sonication 0–5 h) also pointed out the possibility of a decrease in the thermal conductivity of NFs at low sonication times (<0.5 h or 1 h, respectively).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of ultrasonication time on microstructure, thermal conductivity, and viscosity of ionanofluids with originally ultra-long multi-walled carbon nanotubes

Jóźwiak

Greer

Dzido

et al. 2021

Ultrasonics Sonochemistry

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of ultrasonication time on microstructure, thermal conductivity, and viscosity of ionanofluids with originally ultra-long multi-walled carbon nanotubes

Jóźwiak

Greer

Dzido

et al. 2021

Ultrasonics Sonochemistry

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“…Other authors used the commercial equipment KD2 Pro thermal properties analyzer that contains a probe with a Pt hot-wire that is fully immersed in the fluid during the measurements [ 51 , 52 , 53 , 54 , 55 , 56 ]. The NFs had water as a base fluid and the NPs used were silver (Ag), silicon carbide (SiC), graphene oxide (GO), TiO 2 , Al 2 O 3 , Fe–Si hybrid, and CuO.…”

Section: Techniques For Thermal Conductivity Measurements Of Nfsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of the Advances and Challenges in Measuring the Thermal Conductivity of Nanofluids

et al. 2022

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Fluids containing colloidal suspensions of nanometer-sized particles (nanofluids) have been extensively investigated in recent decades with promising results. Driven by the increase in the thermal conductivity of these new thermofluids, this topic has been growing in order to improve the thermal capacity of a series of applications in the thermal area. However, when it comes to measure nanofluids (NFs) thermal conductivity, experimental results need to be carefully analyzed. Hence, in this review work, the main traditional and new techniques used to measure thermal conductivity of the NFs are presented and analyzed. Moreover, the fundamental parameters that affect the measurements of the NFs’ thermal conductivity, such as, temperature, concentration, preparation of NFs, characteristics and thermophysical properties of nanoparticles, are also discussed. In this review, the experimental methods are compared with the theoretical methods and, also, a comparison between experimental methods are made. Finally, it is expected that this review will provide a guidance to researchers interested in implementing and developing the most appropriate experimental protocol, with the aim of increasing the level of reliability of the equipment used to measure the NFs thermal conductivity.

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“…A general method that uses surfactant addition and sonication to make a uniform and stable mixture can reduce nanoparticles' pooling, as demonstrated by many studies. 30,31 At the present investigation, an ultrasonic cleaner (Elmasonic P180H Ultrasonic Cleaner) with a frequency of 37 kHz was used for providing a homogenous emulsion of the nano-fuel. These waves behave as an anti-agglomeration factor and cause the creation of cavitation phenomena in the solvent.…”

Section: Homogenizing the Fuel Blend With Tio 2 Nanoparticlementioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental exergy analyses in aDIdiesel engine fuelled with a mixture of diesel fuel andTiO₂nano‐particle

Jafarmadar

Niaki

2021

Env Prog and Sustain Energy

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In this study, the operation of a four-cylinder, four-stroke DI diesel engine powered by fuels created by blending diesel and TiO 2 nanoparticles was evaluated based on energy and exergy analyses. Within the study's scope, it is possible to see the engine's performance, combustion, emission, and heat transfer distribution at various engine speeds. The engine was tested by operating it with diesel and fuel blends, diesel-2.5 ppm TiO 2 . According to obtained results, it was found that by adding 2.5 ppm TiO 2 to diesel fuel, energy and exergy efficiency increased by 4.1% and 3%.Engine power and shaft exergy improved by 3.4%, and diesel-2.5 ppm TiO 2 blends decreased irreversibility by 3.8%. Diesel-2.5 ppm TiO 2 blended fuel decreases the exhaust loss exergy and exhaust heat losses by 2.5% and 1.4% and also uncounted heat losses reduced by 5.7% compared with baseline diesel. Moreover, the exergy transfer with cooling water increased by 10.5% compared with baseline diesel fuel.The brake specific fuel consumption was 3% lower for diesel and 2.5 ppm TiO 2 nanoparticle blended fuels. The engine fueled with blended fuel revealed mitigation in the UHC, CO, and Soot emissions than those of diesel fuel. NOx emission exhibited increasing trends with the blended fuel. It is concluded that diesel blend with the addition of TiO 2 nanoparticles exhibits better engine performance and reduced emissions compared to diesel fuel.diesel engine, diesel fuel, engine characteristics, exergy-energy analysis, TiO 2 nanoparticle | INTRODUCTIONRecently, due to the environmental deterioration, global energy crisis, and sustainable development, diesel engines have faced the careful regulation prescriptions ratified on limiting the peril outflowed from the combustion of engines. 1,2 A feasible method is to substitute the fuels with various physiochemical properties and cleaner combustion concerning the environment. 3 Ethanol as a generally available fuel could be used either as a pure substitution or in a mixture form. 4,5 It is also considered in terms of renewable and alternative energy, which also needs less oxygen to get burned compared with baseline diesel fuel. 6,7 Recently, among many options, nano-technology has got great attention on the fuel synthesis of automotive engines. During the combustion, due to augmentation in the ratio of the surface area per volume, nanoparticles with catalytic and oxidation properties improve the thermal performance and curtail emissions. 8 Recently, many investigations have observed the impact of adding nanoparticles to pure fuel or mixture fuel on combustion. For instance, Mardi et al. 9 investigated the effect of blended Ethanol-Methanol-Butanol fuels with CNT, Al2O3, and TiO2 nano additives on the diesel engine. They reported notable improvement in each aspect of performance, such as improved brake power (BP) and brake thermal efficiency (BTE) along with the brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) reduction. Moreover, they showed a significant reduction in all emissions CO, UHC, NOx, and smoke, using na...

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Effects of sonication time and temperature on thermal conductivity of CuO/water and Al 2 O 3 /water nanofluids with and without surfactant

Cited by 34 publications

References 20 publications

Effect of ultrasonication time on microstructure, thermal conductivity, and viscosity of ionanofluids with originally ultra-long multi-walled carbon nanotubes

Effect of ultrasonication time on microstructure, thermal conductivity, and viscosity of ionanofluids with originally ultra-long multi-walled carbon nanotubes

A Review of the Advances and Challenges in Measuring the Thermal Conductivity of Nanofluids

Experimental exergy analyses in aDIdiesel engine fuelled with a mixture of diesel fuel andTiO₂nano‐particle

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Effects of sonication time and temperature on thermal conductivity of CuO/water and Al 2 O 3 /water nanofluids with and without surfactant

Cited by 34 publications

References 20 publications

Effect of ultrasonication time on microstructure, thermal conductivity, and viscosity of ionanofluids with originally ultra-long multi-walled carbon nanotubes

Effect of ultrasonication time on microstructure, thermal conductivity, and viscosity of ionanofluids with originally ultra-long multi-walled carbon nanotubes

A Review of the Advances and Challenges in Measuring the Thermal Conductivity of Nanofluids

Experimental exergy analyses in aDIdiesel engine fuelled with a mixture of diesel fuel andTiO2nano‐particle

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Experimental exergy analyses in aDIdiesel engine fuelled with a mixture of diesel fuel andTiO₂nano‐particle