Human exposure to ionizing radiation induced overproduction of free radicals leading to oxidative stress. This study aims to evaluate the possibility of using of coffee and cardamom mixture, as natural antioxidant compounds, to ameliorate the damage effect of oxidative stress. Phenolic contents in coffee and essential oils in cardamom were identified by using HPLC chromatography and GC/MS analysis. Four groups of adult male rats were used; the control group (A), the second group (B) received orally mixture extract of coffee and cardamom (60 mg/100g body weight) for 8 weeks, the third group (C) γ-irradiated (6 GY) and the fourth group (D) received orally mixture extract for 8 weeks and exposed to γ-irradiation at the 4th week. The results revealed that the administration of mixture extract of coffee and cardamom were significantly reduced the damage effect induced by γ-irradiation exposure. Accordingly, it could be concluded that, via the adjustment of the antioxidant status, decreasing the releasing of lipid peroxides and the subsequent amending of different biochemical parameters and some hormones, mixture of coffee and cardamom could ameliorate the hazardous effects of oxidative stress induced by irradiation exposure.
Materials and Methods Materials and plant preparation Standard commercial rodent diet and fresh purple-colored mulberry fruits were purchased from the local market (Cairo, Egypt). All berries were dried at 70°C for 4 days and grounded to powder [17]. Radiation facility Whole body gamma irradiation of rats was performed using a Canadian gamma cell-40, (137Cs) housed at the National Center for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Cairo, Egypt. The dose rate was 0.43 Gy/min at the time of the experiment. Rats were exposed to fractionated dose of 7.5 Gy γ-irradiation administered as 2.5 Gy, every other day. Determination of total phenolic compounds The concentration of total phenolic compound was measured by a modified Follin-Ciocalteu colorimetric method [18]. Briefly, a sample diluted was added to a test tube containing 1.58 mL of distilled water. Folin-Ciocalteu reagent of 100 μL was added, and the tube was stirred and allowed to stand at room temperature for 8 min. 300 μL of Na 2 CO 3 (7%, w/v) was added to the mixture and the absorbance was measured at 765 nm, after 120 min at room temperature, using a spectrophotometer. The results were expressed as milligram of Gallic Acid Equivalents (GAE) per gram fresh matter of fruit (mg GAE/ g fruit). Determination of antioxidant activity by the 2,2-Diphenyl-1-Picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) DPPH assay was determined by previously method described
Especially during picking, processing and packing, rosemary is susceptible to contamination by pathogenic microorganisms [12]. Gamma radiation is a highly effective means of inhibiting the growth of undesirable microbes and avoiding the occurrence of food-transmitted diseases. This is substantiated by the fact that an increasing number of countries have adopted irradiation as a way to ensure the hygienic quality of dehydrated foods [13]. The international safe dose clearance is up to 10 kGy, though some countries, including Argentina, have increased this level to 30 kGy without any harmful effects being observed [14]. Also, the effect of irradiation on some of the compounds responsible for antioxidant activity in rosemary has been reported by Koseki et al. [15], Calucci et al. [16] and El-Beltagi et al. [17]. The objective of the study is therefore to evaluate the efficiency of dietary supplementation with raw and γ-irradiated rosemary in improving the hepatic antioxidant status of ethanol administrated rats. Material and Methods Materials Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) powder and standard commercial rodent diet were purchased from local herbal market (Cairo, Egypt), while ethanol was purchased from Sigma Company. Gamma irradiation process The samples of dry rosemary powder were transferred into polyethylene bags and treated with 10 kGy of gamma rays, using a 60Co source at a dose rate of 4.70 kGy/h at the National Centre for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Egypt.
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