The myofibrillar protein synthetic response to the ingestion of 35 g casein is greater than after an equal amount of wheat protein. Ingesting a larger amount of wheat protein (i.e., 60 g) substantially increases myofibrillar protein synthesis rates in healthy older men. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01952639.

There is currently no evidence to suggest that protein or amino acid supplementation without concomitant nutritional or exercise interventions increases muscle mass or strength in predominantly healthy elderly people.

Habituation to LOW PRO (0.7 g · kg · d) compared with HIGH PRO (1.5 g · kg · d) augments the postprandial availability of dietary protein-derived amino acids in the circulation and does not lower basal muscle protein synthesis rates or increase postprandial muscle protein synthesis rates after ingestion of 25 g protein in older men. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01986842.

Protein ingestion before sleep augments postexercise muscle protein synthesis during overnight recovery. It is unknown whether postexercise and presleep protein consumption modulates postprandial protein handling and myofibrillar protein synthetic responses the following morning. Sixteen healthy young (24 ± 1 yr) men performed unilateral resistance-type exercise (contralateral leg acting as a resting control) at 2000. Participants ingested 20 g of protein immediately after exercise plus 60 g of protein presleep (PRO group; n = 8) or equivalent boluses of carbohydrate (CON; n = 8). The subsequent morning participants received primed, continuous infusions of l-[ring-H]phenylalanine and l-[1-C]leucine combined with ingestion of 20 g intrinsically l-[1-C]phenylalanine- and l-[1-C]leucine-labeled protein to assess postprandial protein handling and myofibrillar protein synthesis in the rested and exercised leg in CON and PRO. Exercise increased postabsorptive myofibrillar protein synthesis rates the subsequent day (P < 0.001), with no differences between CON and PRO. Protein ingested in the morning increased myofibrillar protein synthesis in both the exercised and rested leg (P < 0.01), with no differences between treatments. Myofibrillar protein bound l-[1-C]phenylalanine enrichments were greater in the exercised (0.016 ± 0.002 and 0.015 ± 0.002 MPE in CON and PRO, respectively) vs. rested (0.010 ± 0.002 and 0.009 ± 0.002 MPE in CON and PRO, respectively) leg (P < 0.05), with no differences between treatments (P > 0.05). The additive effects of resistance-type exercise and protein ingestion on myofibrillar protein synthesis persist for more than 12 h after exercise and are not modulated by protein consumption during acute postexercise recovery. This work provides evidence of an extended window of opportunity where presleep protein supplementation can be an effective nutrient timing strategy to optimize skeletal muscle reconditioning.

Neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) as well as presleep dietary protein ingestion represent effective strategies to stimulate muscle protein synthesis rates. Here we demonstrate that in older men after a day of bed rest, the application of NMES prior to presleep protein feeding stimulates the use of dietary protein-derived amino acids for overnight muscle protein synthesis by 18% compared with presleep protein feeding only.

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A multi-centre general practitioner trial was carried out in the Netherlands during the winter of 1973/1974. This trial was part of a larger pan-European study. There were 130 cases studied in the Netherlands who were only treated with doxycycline, by 17 physicians. All patients included in the trial had an acute infection of either the upper or lower respiratory tract. There were 64 females and 66 males. The results were excellent as 100 patients (76.9%) had a very good or good result, 21 patients (16.2%) had moderate or fair results, and only 7 patients (5.4%) had poor or negative results. Doxycycline was well tolerated as no side-effects were noted in 122 of the patients (93.8%). In the 8 patients who experienced side-effects they were mild and self-limiting.