The impact of dietary protein or amino acid supplementation on muscle mass and strength in elderly people: Individual participant data and meta-analysis of RCT's

Tieland, Michael; Franssen, R.; Dullemeijer, Carla; Dronkelaar, Carliene van; Kim, H. Kyung; Ispoglou, Theocharis; Zhu, Kun; Prince, Richard; Loon, Luc J. C. van; Groot, Lisette C. P. G. M. de

doi:10.1007/s12603-017-0896-1

Cited by 110 publications

(85 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Some European countries already increased their recommendation to 1.0 g/kg BW/ day [16] or 1.2 g/kg BW/day [17] based on this evidence. However, meta-analyzed results from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on protein supplementation in older adults do not show beneficial effects on muscle mass or strength [18,19], while more recent RCTs show mixed results [20e23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Two dietary advice strategies to increase protein intake among community-dwelling older adults: A feasibility study

Reinders

Visser

Wijnhoven

2020

Clinical Nutrition ESPEN

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s u m m a r yBackground & aims: Expert groups propose that recommendations for protein intake for older adults should be increased to compensate for a blunted anabolic response to protein. As many older adults do not meet the (current and higher) recommendations, we examined the feasibility of two dietary advice strategies to increase protein intake following either an even distribution of protein over the day ('even' strategy) or a peak in protein during one meal moment ('peak' strategy). Methods: This randomized controlled trial examined the feasibility (effectiveness and appreciation) of an 'even' or 'peak' dietary advise strategy on increasing protein intake after four weeks among communitydwelling older adults aged !65 y. Participants (n ¼ 60) were randomized into one of the three groups; two intervention groups ('even' or 'peak' strategy) and one control group. Participants of both intervention groups with a baseline protein intake <0.9 g/kg adjusted body weight (aBW)/day received personalized dietary advice and protein enriched food products to increase their protein intake to at least 1.2 g/kg aBW/day, and those with an intake between 0.9 and 1.2 g/kg aBW/day to increase their protein intake with 0.3 g/kg aBW/day. When current intake was higher than 1.2 g/kg aBW/day they received advice to follow the strategy without increasing protein intake. The 'even' group was advised to consume a maximum of 20 g of protein during each meal or snack moment while the 'peak' group was advised to consume at least one daily meal with 35e45 g of protein. Effectiveness to increase protein intake was assessed by three 24-h recalls after four weeks and appreciation of the dietary strategies by a five point scale questionnaire. Results: Baseline protein intake was 71.0 ± 12.1 g/day in participants with a protein intake <1.2 g/kg aBW/day. Protein increased significantly more in both intervention groups (þ28.9 ± 22.9 g/day for the 'even' group and þ21.8 ± 21.4 g/day for the 'peak' group) versus control (þ5.7 ± 13.0 g/day), and participants following the 'peak' strategy more often had at least one meal per day very high in protein (!35 g). Both intervention groups considered the advice to increase protein as (very) clear (100% and 93.6% for the 'even' and 'peak' strategy), and most reported they would (partly) continue following the advice (81% and 88% for the 'even' and 'peak' strategy). Conclusions: The 'even' and 'peak' dietary advice strategies were effective in increasing protein intake in four weeks and both well appreciated by community-dwelling older adults.The study is registered in The Netherlands National Trial Register (NTR6849).

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Two dietary advice strategies to increase protein intake among community-dwelling older adults: A feasibility study

Reinders

Visser

Wijnhoven

2020

Clinical Nutrition ESPEN

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“…A recent meta‐analysis of double‐blind RCTs assessed the effects of isolated protein and/or amino acid supplementation in older adults and reported no effects of supplementation on muscle mass and strength (Tieland et al . ). However, it is important to note that habitual protein intake (in the five trials that recorded it) was higher at the outset (1.0 g/kg/day) (Tieland et al .…”

Section: Nutritionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…However, it is important to note that habitual protein intake (in the five trials that recorded it) was higher at the outset (1.0 g/kg/day) (Tieland et al . ). This level of protein intake might be too high to observe any additional effects of dietary protein or amino acid supplementation on muscle mass or strength, as opposed to supplementing individuals below or at the RDA.…”

Section: Nutritionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Nutrition and physical activity countermeasures for sarcopenia: Time to get personal?

Murphy

Roche

2018

Nutrition Bulletin

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Population ageing is a global phenomenon. It is regarded as a major cause of upward pressure on healthcare costs. One of the greatest threats to healthy, independent ageing is sarcopenia, the progressive loss of skeletal muscle mass and function with age. Physical inactivity and poor nutrition represent crucial and imminently modifiable risk factors for sarcopenia. Resistance exercise training is the most effective method for improving muscle mass and function in older adults. Evidence indicates that resistance training-induced improvements in muscle mass, strength and function may be further augmented by certain nutrients and nutritional strategies. Ageing is associated with a reduction in the anabolic sensitivity of skeletal muscle to dietary protein ingestion and accumulating evidence indicates that older adults require protein intakes 50%-100% higher than the recommended daily allowance (0.8 g/kg/day) to preserve muscle mass and function. Protein quality, the pattern of protein intake over the day (i.e. per-meal protein), specific amino acids (i.e. leucine) and other nutrients (i.e. vitamin D, longchain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids) are also key considerations. From the personalised nutrition perspective, it is now acknowledged that individual responses to nutrition/exercise interventions are highly variable, despite equivalent compliance, thus highlighting the inadequacy of a 'one-size-fits-all' approach. The application of personalised medicine to sarcopenia represents an exciting emerging field of research with the potential to dramatically improve patient outcomes. This approach makes use of recent developments in 'omics' technologies and aims to identify the factors (i.e. genes, key biomarkers, medical history, environment, lifestyle) that determine whether an individual is a higher or a lower responder to a particular intervention. This narrative review discusses current evidence regarding nutrition and exercise countermeasures for sarcopenia, with a specific emphasis on recent developments in personalised approaches.

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“…Torresdasilva demonstrates that the distribution of NADPH-d neurons in non-human primate is similar to other species [18]. In development study of human, NADPH-d neurons and fibers are well-defined the sympathetic and parasympathetic neurons in the IML and the lateral collateral pathway and the medial collateral pathway (MCP) [19]. Dun et al reports that NOS-positive fibers are detected in the thoracic white matter of rat, mouse, cat and squirrel monkey [20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pial surface CSF-contacting texture, subpial and funicular plexus in the thoracic spinal cord in monkey: NADPH diaphorase histological configuration

Hou

Jia

et al. 2020

Preprint

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In spinal cord, white matter is distinguished from grey matter in that it contains ascending and descending axonal tracts. While grey matter gets concentrated with neuronal cell bodies. Notable cell bodies and sensory modality of cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) in white matter are still elusive in certain segment of the spinal cord. Monkey Spinal cord was examined by NADPH diaphorase (NADPH-d) histochemistry. We found that NADPH-d positive neurons clustered and featured flat plane in mediolateral funiculus in caudal thoracic and rostral lumber spinal cord, especially evident in the horizontal sections. Majority of NADPH-d funicular neurons were relatively large size and moderately-or lightly-stained neurons. In horizontal section, the multipolar processes of the neurons were thicker than that of regular other neurons. The processes oriented laterally or obliquely in the lateral funiculus. Some of neuronal cell bodies and proximal processes attached NADPH-d positive buttons or puncta. The neuronal processes interlaced network medially linked to lateral horn (intermediolateral nucleus, IML) and laterally to subpial region, in which formed subpial plexus with subpial NADPH-d neurons. Subpial plexus appeared to contacting externally with CSF. The subpial plexus patterned like round brackets located in lateromarginal pial surface. Compared with sympathetic IML in rostral thoracic segments and sacral parasympathetic IML, the funicular plexus configurated a specialized neuro-texture in caudal thoracic segments. The dendritic arbor of funicular neuron featured variety geometric plane shapes. The funicular plexus oriented exclusive layered flat-plane organization between lateral horn and subpial region in caudal thoracic and rostral lumber spinal cord. The subpial plexus may work as CSF sensor outside of spinal cord. The cluster of funicular neurons may function as locomotion sensor, besides visceral regulation. Different to periventricular CSF contacting or pericentral canal structures, NADPH-d funicular neurons and subpial plexus that located in the pial surface. With advantage of NADPH-d, we found funicular neurons which termed academically as funicular plexus and specialized localization for subpial structure we termed subpial plexus. The funicular texture was regarded as neuronal bridge between the interior CSF in the central canal and external CSF out of the pial surface.

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The impact of dietary protein or amino acid supplementation on muscle mass and strength in elderly people: Individual participant data and meta-analysis of RCT's

Abstract: There is currently no evidence to suggest that protein or amino acid supplementation without concomitant nutritional or exercise interventions increases muscle mass or strength in predominantly healthy elderly people.

Cited by 110 publications

References 45 publications

Two dietary advice strategies to increase protein intake among community-dwelling older adults: A feasibility study

Two dietary advice strategies to increase protein intake among community-dwelling older adults: A feasibility study

Nutrition and physical activity countermeasures for sarcopenia: Time to get personal?

Pial surface CSF-contacting texture, subpial and funicular plexus in the thoracic spinal cord in monkey: NADPH diaphorase histological configuration

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