In patients with nosebleedings, the hemostatic effect of local application of tranexamic acid gel or placebo was compared in a randomized, double-blind, multicenter clinical trial with parallel groups. The times needed to arrest the initial bleeding were recorded, as well as any rebleedings within 10 days. The results showed no significant differences in any of the efficacy variables. Tranexamic acid was no better than placebo in the early treatment of nose bleedings, but the gel itself seemed to have a beneficial effect. The gel preparations were easy to insert into the nasal cavity and caused no discomfort to the patients.

The PO, in the maxillary sinus measured with a small PO, electrode was found primarily to be dependent on the patency of the maxillary ostium. It was also correlated with the functional size of the maxillary ostium when this was smaller than 2.5 mm in diameter. A mean oxygen tension of 116 mmHg was found in the maxillary sinus of normal cases and a mean antral PO, of 75 mmHg in patients with sinusitis. The PO, could not be shown to be related to the presence or absence of antral pus or mucus in the cases with sinusitis. However, oxygen tensions of only a few mmHg were found in two cases with aerobic bacteria in the antral pus. Pain in the region of the paranasal sinuses was to some extent correlated to low antral PO,. Acta Otolaryngol Downloaded from informahealthcare.com by Nyu Medical Center on 06/22/15 For personal use only. Acta Otolaryng 78 Der PO, in der Kieferhohle, gemessen mit einer PO,-Elektrode, jst, wie grundlegend festgestellt wurde, von Acta Otolaryng 78 Acta Otolaryngol Downloaded from informahealthcare.com by Nyu Medical Center on 06/22/15 For personal use only.

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Model experiments were performed in order to investigate the gas exchange in the maxillary sinus. The exponent Q2 in the equation illustrating the gas exchange through the maxillary ostium was analysed in relation to the volume of the maxillary sinus, the size of the ostium, the nasal ventilation, the nasal respiratory pressure and the respiratory work. The experiments showed that the gas exchange, expressed as the exponent Q2, is inversely proportional to the size of the maxillary sinus, and principally directly proportional to the cross-sectional area of the ostial canal. It is also principally directly proportional to the nasal ventilation and positively correlated to the nasal respiratory pressure but estimations of the effect of these two parameters are difficult to perform separately. The relation between antral gas exchange and respiratory work has been analysed more thoroughly and a linear correlation was obvious although not directly proportional, since the diffusion of gas through the ostium will occur also when the respiratory work is zero. The correlation between respiratory work and antral gas exchange is different for different sizes of the ostium. A formula for the antral gas exchange including the sinus volume, the size and length of the ostial canal, the respiratory work and the diffusion has been elaborated.