Наведено основні фізико-хімічні властивості пальмової олії, її застосування у харчовій промисловості. Розглянуто проблему впливу пальмової олії на здоров'я людини. Проаналізовано сучасні дослідження стосовно безпеки її застосування. Показано, що тривалий прийом пальмової олії призводить, в першу чергу, до порушення функції серцево-судинної, імунної систем, викликає неоднозначні зміни в репродуктивній системі. Зроблено висновки про необхідність подальшого дослідження впливу пальмової олії на системи організму, зокрема, на репродуктивну систему. Ключові слова: пальмова олія, насичені жирні кислоти, серцево-судинні захворювання.
The paper focuses on the problem of unbalanced nutrition. The effects of hydrogenated palm oil (solid form) consumption at a dose of 3 g / kg body weight, which exceeded the daily norm by 1,5 times, for 75 days in adult male rats have been experimentally shown. The simulated experimental conditions led to the development of dyslipidemia in the serum and the liver (hypertriglyceridemia, hypercholesterolemia). Signs of androgen deficiency were also found: the content of total and free testosterone in the serum was significantly less than the physiological norm. Also, defects in spermatogenesis were recorded in the experimental animals: total gametes concentration and proportion of morphologically normal gametes decreased, the pathological forms increased. Disorders of androgen-synthetic and spermatogenic functions in the testes were accompanied by histological changes. In testicular tissues, structural rearrangements of a number of seminal tubules have been observed, possibly due to an increase in inactive Leydig cell forms. A decrease in the index of spermatogenesis was found, this reflects the number of generations of spermatogenic cells in the wall of the seminal tubules. An increased number of tortuous seminal tubules with exfoliated germ cells in the lumen have been reported. The reason may be the loss of communication between the germ cells and the supporting Sertoli cells. When the link between the germ cell and the supporting cells is lost, the effects of testosterone are impossible, which leads to a violation of spermatogenesis.
Recently, the influence of various origins fats on the morphofunctional and biochemical characteristics of the organism has been actively studied, however, their possible influence on higher nervous activity and behavior has been mostly overlooked. The aim of the research was to study the dynamics of behavioral changes in rats after the long-term consumption of fats differing in origin. The behavior of adult male rats was explored by the open field test for three days on the basis of the indicators of their research and emotional activity after 60 days of consumption of fats of various origins (palm oil, refined sunflower oil, margarine) at a rate of 3 mg/kg. The obtained experimental data show that when rats consume fats differing in origin for a long time, their navigation research behavior in terms of horizontal and vertical activity and the number of hole visits does not differ significantly, both when retested in the open field and compared with the control group. However, it was found that their emotional activity (according to the manifestations of autonomic reactions of defecation and grooming) has changed as the prolonged consumption of used fats causes a change in the level of anxiety in male rats. The long-term consumption of palm oil is accompanied by a tendency to increase bowel movements as well as the number and duration of grooming acts, both in re-testing and compared with the control group. The male rats that had consumed margarine for a long time, on the contrary, demonstrated a decrease in the level of anxiety. In comparison with the control group and during testing, they showed a reduction in the manifestations of grooming and defecation. During three days of observation, the indicators of emotional activity of the rodents that had consumed refined oil for a long time stayed almost unchanged and did not differ from those of the control group.
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