Assessing the approximation of demand for a new product is a complex work, while current research on demand assessment is limited. The purpose of this paper is to identify, describe, and obtain deep understanding comprehensively about: (1) the assessment of demand by principal companies in order to create or innovate new products; and (2) buyer responses regarding the assessment on demand aspect concerning on new product buying decision. This research uses qualitative method by phenomenology theoretical design that is: Fast Moving Consumer Goods (FMCG) principal within new product innovation, and FMCG wholesaler phenomenon within transactional buying-selling process between wholesalers and distributors. Data interpretation for this research is constructivism philosophy that is based on the location where buyer and seller, and companies do exist at traditional trade. The result identifies demand aspects those are demand of competitor product and categorical product, product segmentation, and demand of the product itself is: (1) several aspects that are valued by marketers in new product innovations. Aspects of demand are assessed by marketers for marketing mix strategy planning; and (2) the essences and buyer responses. Demand aspects are assessed by the buyer to estimate level of demand of new product within competition at internal or external condition.

This article aimed at identifying, describing, and obtaining deep understanding about channel management to reveal the characteristics of relationship-marketing theory. As such, it utilizes the agency theoretical perspective which is occasionally used in prior relationship-marketing research. The research uses qualitative method based on phenomenology theoretical-design and constructivism philosophy to observed fast-moving consumer goods business phenomenon within transactional buying-selling process in the channel management structure. Such design will be applied through the mechanism of distribution channels in traditional trade. The result identifies three positions of distribution channels within the agency theory perspective: (1) relationship between principal, distributor and promotional agencies in an efficient contract position, (2) relationship between distributor, wholesaler and retailer in the position of the realized outcomes, and (3) relationship between wholesaler, retailer and the end-users in a pay-offs position. The findings viewed as a constructive way in describing the re-design model structure of channel management from the agency theoretical perspective. As such, the research revealed three characteristics of relationship marketing;  exclusive contract, direct competitive, and temporary contract approach. This research implies that the agency theoretical perspective will emerge as a new and prosperous theoretical perspective in the field of relationship marketing research in the future. It might be argued that managers in applying any relationship marketing approach are advised to stay focused on improving the quality of relationships among the partners covered by each channel-group. Further, it is expected that future research in the field of marketing management, particularly on relationship-marketing research, to  utilize the  agency theory as their theoretical strands.

The phenomenon of distribution intensity has received little attention in academic research, particularly in its relation to the distribution of Fast Moving Consumer Goods (FMCG). This paper aimed at exploring distribution management practices that is appropriate for describing concept and theory related to product placement in the market. The paper uses either qualitative research method as phenomenology by using the philosophy of constructivism interpretation or grounded theory by philosophy of pragmatism interpretation. The data obtained to study the development in FMCG distribution management in term of channel group of traditional markets in Indonesia. The result identifies and describes that product placement concept pervades relations among: (1) the firm’s strategic policy; (2) numbers, types, and roles of salesperson; (3) the distribution level of product; and (4) the customers’ coverage expansion. Theoretically this paper proposes four typical of product placement strategies namely; trial, introduction, attacker, and leader. It might be argued that the findings of this study have constructively arranged the concept and theory of product placement as a form of its novelty. The result of the study contributes into the concept of “place” in marketing mix, along with the use of agency theory as an alternative perspective in marketing management research.

The purpose of this study seeks to uncover the meaning of Law No. 19 of 2003 and Article 33 of the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia, and identify the essence of the roles and functions of SOEs in implementing the economic constitution. The study of SOEs in the realm of constitutional economics is seen as very important as a reflection of the rapid change in national and global economic development. The findings of the study lead to the philosophical understanding of economic constitution for the Republic of Indonesia by the role of state companies in national economic development. The theoretical description of the results of this study contributes to the knowledge of political economy and political democracy. The benefits practically have implications for the practice of public management about the governance of state enterprises, as well as corporate management for SOEs or other state-owned companies.

The application of efficient contracting concept in Village Fund management is an interesting idea and formula in the public governance perspective. The concept provides a potential solution so that the Village Government obey the Law No. 6 of 2014 and brings impact to public-oriented service. The philosophical concept of “Gotong Royong” or mutual assistance reinforces the efficient contracting essence. The aim of this research is to build a framework of public governance on Village Fund by implementing the efficient contracting, and to identify, illustrate and describe the variables in efficient contracting concept to Village Fund Management. The research used qualitative method, designed in narrative strategy and grounded theory approach, and formulated using constructivism paradigm. Results of the study have demonstrated that (1) Efficient contracting concept encompasses economic constitution, government policy, public finance management and governance, and the functional relationship in the government body (Central, Regional and Village); (2) the essence of Efficient Contracting is the community active participation, legal aspect, government attention, balance consensus, effectiveness and efficiency, justice and equality, transparency, responsibility and accountability. The descriptive findings were interpreted in textual and structural method to expand the Efficient Contracting concept and to bring implication in development administration and public management.