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One important variable in maximizing tensile, creep, stress rupture and toughness properties in superalloys is the cooling rate from the alloy solutioning temperature. Correlations between properties and cooling rates may be conveniently developed using small blanks of material. Implementation of the data in complex geometries such as aircraft engine disks, however, is most effectively done through finite element modelling of the heat treatment process.

This article provides information on nickel alloying elements, and the heat treatment processes of various nickel alloys for applications requiring corrosion resistance and/or high-temperature strength. These processes are homogenization, annealing, solution annealing, solution treating, stabilization treatment, age hardening, stress relieving, and stress equalizing. Discussion of furnaces, fixtures, and atmospheres is included. Nickel alloys used for the heat treatment processes include corrosion-resistant nickel alloys, heat-resistant nickel alloys, nickel-beryllium alloys, special-purpose alloys such as nitinol shape memory alloys, low-expansion alloys, electrical-resistance alloys and soft magnetic alloys. Finally, the article focuses on heat treatment modeling for selecting the appropriate heat treatment process.