Modeling of the flow distribution in an oil quench tank

Garwood, D. R.; Lucas, J. D.; Wallis, R. A.; Ward, John

doi:10.1007/bf02658261

Cited by 14 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…al. performed similar, but much more rigorous work with model validation on an actual commercial quench system as illustrated in Figure 3 18,19 with subsequent model validation.…”

Section: Use Of Computational Fluid Dynamics (Cfd) In Quench System Dmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quenching technology: a selected overview of the current state-of-the-art

Canale¹,

Totten²

2005

Mat. Res.

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Many papers have been published on a wide range of aspects of the fundamental physics and chemistry of quenching such as: additive technology, surface rewetting, hardness distribution prediction, role of heat transfer and residual stresses, etc.1,2. However, relatively little information has been published on the application of these insightful research results for the solution of long standing quench tank production problems. This paper will address three areas where technical advancements have been, or may be, made. These include discussion of: 1) the application fundamental fluid dynamics to characterize quenching uniformity due to agitation; 2) the use of "waves" to provide uniform agitation during the quenching process; and 3) the use of pressure as a variable to mediate heat transfer throughout the quenching process

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“…al. performed similar, but much more rigorous work with model validation on an actual commercial quench system as illustrated in Figure 3 18,19 with subsequent model validation.…”

Section: Use Of Computational Fluid Dynamics (Cfd) In Quench System Dmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quenching technology: a selected overview of the current state-of-the-art

Canale¹,

Totten²

2005

Mat. Res.

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“…Kumar et al [2] evaluated the uniformity of the flow around pinions for automotive applications during the quenching of this type of parts. Other investigations [3][4][5] have focused on the effects that occur when stirring the fluid through propeller arrangements; Xia-wei Yang et al [3], with a two-propeller arrangement, determined that increasing the stirring velocity can provide a large flow of water in the cooling zone, but also increases fluctuations in the flow velocity in the zone. D. R. Garwood et al [4] modeled the distribution of oil flow in an agitated quenching tank using four propellers, which is used for the heat treatment of superalloy forgings, validating their calculations using a physical model where velocities were measured with anemometry laser.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Other investigations [3][4][5] have focused on the effects that occur when stirring the fluid through propeller arrangements; Xia-wei Yang et al [3], with a two-propeller arrangement, determined that increasing the stirring velocity can provide a large flow of water in the cooling zone, but also increases fluctuations in the flow velocity in the zone. D. R. Garwood et al [4] modeled the distribution of oil flow in an agitated quenching tank using four propellers, which is used for the heat treatment of superalloy forgings, validating their calculations using a physical model where velocities were measured with anemometry laser. Nailu Chen et al [5] investigated the effect of flow directors in quenching with agitation produced by a propeller to evaluate the uniformity of the velocity and distribution of the flow in the quenching area of the piece and thus obtain a more homogeneous cooling of the pieces.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical Analysis of Convective Heat Transfer in Quenching Treatments of Boron Steel under Different Configurations of Immersed Water Jets and Its Effects on Microstructure

Tinajero-Álvarez,

Hernández-Bocanegra,

Ramos-Banderas

et al. 2024

Fluids

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In this work, the effects of jet impact angle and water flow on the heat-transfer coefficient in boron steel probes were analyzed. Angles of 90°, 75° and 60° were used with stirring flows of 33 l·min−1, 25 l·min−1, 13 l·min−1 and 6 l·min−1. The aim consisted of determining the heat-extraction rates by analyzing the correlation programmed in the Ansys Fluent 2020R2 software when different cooling conditions are used, avoiding many experiments, and establishing quenching conditions free of surface defects on the workpiece. This process is currently used in heavy machinery, requiring high hardness and wear resistance. The fluid-dynamic field was validated using a scale physical model using the particle image velocimetry technique, PIV. In contrast, the thermal field was validated with transient state experiments solving the inverse heat conduction problem, IHCP. The results show that for high flows (33 l·min−1), the jets with an angle of 90° impact the entire surface of the piece, but their cooling rate is slower compared to the other angles, being 243.61 K·s−1, and 271.70 K·s−1, 329.56 K·s−1 for 75° and 60°, respectively. However, for low flows (6 l·min−1), the impact velocities are very similar for the three cases, promoting more homogeneous cooling rates of 58.47 K·s−1, 73.58 K·s−1 and 63.98 K s−1 for angles of 90°, 75° and 60°, respectively. Likewise, through the use of CCT diagrams, it was determined that regardless of the cooling rate, the final structure will always be a mixture of martensite–bainite due to the effect of boron as determined experimentally, which implies a more significant proportion of martensite at higher cooling rates.

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“…Table 1 shows that from the early 1990s to the beginning of this 21st century, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) focused on isothermal fluid flow calculations. In these works [4][5][6][7][8][9], the Navier-Stokes and continuity equations were numerically solved together with turbulence equations under steady state conditions. The pioneering work of Totten et al [4] showed that flow is not uniform in quenching tanks.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The pioneering work of Totten et al [4] showed that flow is not uniform in quenching tanks. Garwood et al [5] validated their fluid flow calculations for an industrial tank using a laboratory physical model in which quantitative velocity measurements were carried out using Laser Doppler anemometry (LDA). Halva and Volný [6] computed isothermal fluid flow to examine the homogeneity of velocity distribution as a function of agitator placement.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Efficient Fluid-Dynamic Analysis to Improve Industrial Quenching Systems

Barrena-Rodríguez

González-Melo

Acosta-González

et al. 2017

Metals

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This paper addresses the problem of understanding the relationship between fluid flow and heat transfer in industrial quenching systems. It also presents an efficient analysis to design or optimize long standing quenching tanks to increase productivity. The study case is automotive leaf springs quenched in an oil-tank agitated with submerged jets. This analysis combined an efficient numerical prediction of the detailed isothermal flow field in the whole tank with the thermal characterization of steel probes in plant and laboratory during quenching. These measurements were used to determine the heat flow by solving the inverse heat conduction problem. Differences between laboratory and plant heat flux results were attributed to the difference in surface area size between samples. A proposed correlation between isothermal wall shear stress and heat flux at the surface of the steel component, based on the Reynolds-Colburn analogy, provided the connection between thermal characterization and computed isothermal fluid flow. The present approach allowed the identification of the potential benefits of changes in the tank design and the evaluation of operating conditions while using a much shorter computing time and storage memory than full-domain fluid flow calculations.

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Modeling of the flow distribution in an oil quench tank

Cited by 14 publications

References 1 publication

Quenching technology: a selected overview of the current state-of-the-art

Quenching technology: a selected overview of the current state-of-the-art

Numerical Analysis of Convective Heat Transfer in Quenching Treatments of Boron Steel under Different Configurations of Immersed Water Jets and Its Effects on Microstructure

An Efficient Fluid-Dynamic Analysis to Improve Industrial Quenching Systems

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