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These results describe a clinical disorder formulated as a syndrome of hyposmia (decreased smell acuity), hypogeusia (decreased taste acuity), dysosmia (distorted smell function), dysgeusia (distorted taste function), and decreased secretion of parotid saliva gustin/CAVI with associated pathological changes in taste bud anatomy. Because gustin/CAVI is found in humans only in parotid saliva and has been associated with taste bud growth and development these results suggest that inhibition of synthesis of gustin/CAVI is associated with development of taste bud abnormalities and thereby loss of taste function.

Summury: I n wwm climates the control of aquatic snails as intermediate hosts of trematodes is very important for health. A biological control has been successful by a predatory snail (Mariaa) as well as by reducing the aquatic vegetation. Of a greater importance, however, still is the chemical control by various molluscicides, especially by cholinesterase inhibitors (carbamates and organophosphorus compounds), which are active also in sublethal concentrations via the carbohydrate and protein metabolism. Of a special importance is also the application of synergistically active compounds, by which the biocidal activity is considerably increased, the required biocide concentration in the water is decisively reduced. Molluscicides of plant origin may be very important in future, especinlly the later of Euphorbiaceae and the natural products obtained from them which are cictive nt high dilutions. Also the field of chemosterilants need t o be explored.

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Background: Endometrial cytopathology is a powerful tool for the detection of a wide variety of benign atypias, infl ammatory changes, and infectious organisms. It is also helpful for the cytohormonal evaluation of patients and the detection of endometrial malignancies. Aims:The present study was carried out to assess the sensitivity and specifi city of endometrial cytology performed by using an insemination cannula. Materials and Methods:Endometrial aspiration using an insemination cannula was done in 60 cases who presented with dysuterine bleed, infertility, or postmenopausal bleed. The cytological evaluation of endometrial smears was correlated with histopathological fi ndings with reference to cyclic endometrium, atypical hyperplasia, and endometrial malignancies.Results: There were 35 patients in the reproductive and 25 in the menopausal age groups. The sample was inadequate in four cases but there was an overall 100% correlation between cytological and histological fi ndings of cyclic endometrium, atypical hyperplasia, and endometrial malignancy. The sensitivity and specifi city of endometrial aspiration was 83.3 and 95.4% respectively, with two false negative and false positive cases.Conclusions: Endometrial aspiration cytology was found to be a safe outpatient procedure in the diagnosis of normal and abnormal endometrium for patients of all ages.The present study emphasizes the need for endometrial screening in postmenopausal patients to enable the detection of endometrial malignancies at an early stage.

Several research groups have reported alterations in mineral concentrations in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). A study of serum copper, zinc, magnesium, calcium, and albumin concentrations in outpatients with Alzheimer's disease (in the early-to-middle stages) and in these patients' healthy spouses is reported. Hair concentrations of copper, zinc, magnesium, calcium, and manganese were also measured in these AD patients and controls. No differences in serum of hair concentrations were found, and determinations of these hair and serum mineral concentrations do not appear to be of use in the diagnosis of AD. Significant positive correlations were found between age and hair manganese (Mn) in the control spouses, and a similar (but statistically nonsignificant) trend in the AD patients.