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The scattering parameter formulation for the envelope correlation in an(N,N)MIMO antenna array has been modified to take the intrinsic antenna power losses into account. This method of calculation provides a major simplification over the use of antenna radiation field patterns. Its accuracy is illustrated in three examples, which also show that the locations of the correlation minima are sensitive to the intrinsic losses.

A modified indoor path loss prediction model is presented, namely, effective wall loss model. The modified model is compared to other indoor path loss prediction models using simulation data and real‐time measurements. Different operating frequencies and antenna polarizations are considered to verify the observations. In the simulation part, effective wall loss model shows the best performance among other models as it outperforms 2 times the dual‐slope model, which is the second best performance. Similar observations were recorded from the experimental results. Linear attenuation and one‐slope models have similar behavior, the two models parameters show dependency on operating frequency and antenna polarization.

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Investigations of a wideband balanced antenna for mobile handsets covering three bands-GSM1800, GSM1900, and UMTS-are presented. Balanced antennas have advantages in handset applications as they are less affected by juxtaposition with human tissue than unbalanced types. The antenna is a slotted planar dipole with its arms folded and not connected at their ends. The antenna is fed by a balanced voltage source. The antenna impedance was investigated using two different methods, including an S-parameter method and a mirror image method. For the purpose of antenna stability evaluation and power gain measurement, a wide bandwidth planar balun was adopted and modified to feed the antenna from an unbalanced source. For validation, prototypes of the antenna were fabricated and tested. The calculated and measured results in terms of return loss show good agreement and the results also show good wideband characteristics.

In the UK there is no real time retail market, and hence no real time retail electricity pricing. Therefore domestic electricity consumers in the UK pay electricity prices that do not vary from hour to hour, but are rather some kind of average price. Real time pricing information was identified as a barrier to understanding the effectiveness of various incentives and interventions. The key question is whether we can evaluate energy management and renewable energy intervention in the behaviour of customers in real market terms. Currently only behaviour changes with respect to total consumption can be evaluated. Interventions cannot be defined for peak load behaviour. The effectiveness of the introduction of renewable energy is also hard to assess. Therefore, it is hard to justify introducing of renewable and demand side management at local community level, apart from when following government approved schemes, subsidies, and other initiatives. In this paper, a new criteria has been developed to help developers and planners of local residential communities to understand the cost of intervention, in order to evaluate where the load is when the prices are high.

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