Long bean (Vigna sinesis L.) is a horticultural plant that is easy to cultivate. Cultivation of long bean plants certainly has several factors that can reduce production yields such as environmental factors, pest attacks, and diseases. This study aims to determine the pests and diseases that generally attack long bean plants and the symptoms they cause. This study used direct observation method (Systematic sampling) to determine the percentage of pest and disease attacks on long bean plants. From the total number of plants in the location, 5 plant samples were taken to be observed. Based on the pest and disease identification research that has been carried out, it was found that some of the symptoms that arise due to pest/disease attacks on most of the long bean plants were found. Symptoms that appear include damage to flower buds and leaves with holes caused by black ladybugs (Brachyplatys sp.); leaf curl, leaves and stems turn black due to aphids (Aphis craccivora); jagged leaf edges, and holes caused by grasshoppers (Oxya sp.) and lasiocampidae caterpillars; thickening of the leaf veins on young leaves, leaves shrinking caused by Bean Common Mosaic Virus (BCMV); The leaves turn yellow and the bone blanching occurs due to the Mungbean Yellow Mosaic Virus (MYMV).
Water quality must be maintained so that it remains beneficial to humans and other living things, as a means of improving public health. The requirements for clean water quality have been regulated in Permenkes No. 416 of 1990 concerning Requirements and Supervision of Water Quality. The purpose of this study was to analyze water quality with hardness and pH parameters for water hygiene and sanitation used by the people of Semin village, Semin district, Gunungkidul district. The test results showed that the highest hardness level was found in sample C3 which was 228.86 mg/L and the lowest hardness level was found in sample A2 which was 89.55 mg/L. The highest pH test results were found in sample D3, which was 8.1, while the lowest pH level was found in sample A2, which was 6.5. Based on the test results, water from drilled wells in Semin village, Semin sub-district, Gunungkidul regency, is still suitable for use for hygiene and sanitation purposes.
Background: The dysmenorrhea prevalence is still reported high in the world. Several previous studies discovered that deep breathing relaxation effectively reduced dysmenorrhea. Other studies presented the combination of early mobilization and spiritual relaxation could reduce the level of client pain postoperative appendectomy, however the effectiveness of spiritual relaxation techniques to reduce dysmenorrhea is not yet tested.Objective: to determine the effect of spiritual relaxation to reduce dysmenorrhea.Method: The research design used was Quasi Experiment with the pretest-posttest Control Group Design approach. The populations were female students who experienced menstrual pain (dysmenorrhea) and met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The variable in this study was dysmenorrhea. The sampling technique was simple ramdom sampling consisted of 44 respondents. The calculation instrument was NRS (Numeric Rating Scale) and data were analyzed through statistical test of Paired T-Test and Independent T-Test.Results: After spiritual relaxation treatment, the intensity of menstrual pain reduced significantly from 6.05 - 1.77, it proved that there was an effect of spiritual relaxation on dysmenorrhea with a significant value (ρ) of 0.000 (p ≤ 0.05). There were significant differences in the intensity of menstrual pain in the intervention and control groups (1.77 ± 1,109 vs 5.63 ± 0.445; p> 0.05).Conclusion: Spiritual relaxation effectively reduces dysmenorrhea
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