Objectives Elderly individuals with diabetes should maintain a normal body mass index (BMI) to help control their blood glucose levels. This study investigated barriers to physical activity (PA), self-efficacy to overcome those barriers, and PA self-efficacy among elderly individuals with diabetes in relation to BMI. Methods This cross-sectional study included 56 participants. Data were collected by a questionnaire interview and direct measurements for anthropometric data. PA self-efficacy was measured using 8 questions describing different levels of PA, where participants rated the strength of their belief that they could engage in that activity. Self-efficacy to overcome barriers was measured using 10 questions capturing participants’ confidence in their ability to engage in PA despite different possible barriers. Mean scores for these parameters were analyzed using the chi-square test and the independent t -test. Results In total, 89.3% of participants had a low PA level and 58.9% had more than 3 hours of sedentary activity per day. Furthermore, 55.4% were obese and 14.3% were overweight. The mean scores for PA self-efficacy and self-efficacy to overcome barriers were 59.1± 26.4 and 52.5±13.8, respectively. PA level was related to BMI ( p <0.001; r =0.116) and sedentary activity ( p <0.05; r =0.274). PA self-efficacy and age were not related to BMI. Barriers to PA were associated with PA levels ( p <0.05). Conclusions Physical inactivity was a major problem in elderly individuals with diabetes, and was correlated with higher BMI. Lower levels of PA might be mediated by sedentary activity.

Diabetes in older adults has shown an increase in prevalence, especially in urban areas of Indonesia. This study aimed to assess the relationship between self-efficacy in physical activity and glycemic control in older adults' population with diabetes mellitus in Indonesia. This research used cross sectional design that involved 52 adults with diabetes, aged between 55-90 years old who regularly attended the older adult's health post (Posyandu Lansia) at Jagir Sub-district, Surabaya. Those who had physical disabilities were excluded from the study. Questionnaires were used to measure the physical activity and two types of self-efficacy whilst the glycemic control was measured using HbA1c in basal condition. The relationship between the variables was tested using Pearson and partial correlation test. Results show that the level of physical activity was insufficient (216.4 ± 343.5 MET) with only 32.7% (N = 17) of the participants was categorized as being physically active. The mean of the HbA1c indicated poor glycaemic control (8.63 ± 2.34%) with majority of them (76.9%, N = 40) was in the poor glycaemic control group (HbA1c ≥ 6.5%). Their self-efficacy was at the average level (Against the barriers:52.65 ± 13.23; Engage in physical activity: 59.06 ± 26.2). The self-efficacy in performing the physical activity was found significantly related to the duration of physical activity (r = 0.278, p = 0.046). Other relationships, however, were not significant (p > 0.05). In conclusion, self-efficacy to engage in physical activity is paramount to increase the physical activity among the older adults. Nevertheless, further longitudinal research on self-efficacy in physical activity management is needed.

This study aimed to analyze the effectiveness of behavioral-based nutrition education to increase fish consumption among school children using a raised bed pool. This was a randomized control trial study with a 3-months nutrition education intervention using a raised bed pool, as a medium to improve their internalization to increase fish consumption behavior. A paired t-test was used to calculate the difference in the increase of fish consumption, knowledge, attitude, perceived behavioral control, subjective norm, and intention. This study took place in a majority of low to medium urban households in Surabaya in Sidotopo Wetan I and Sidotopo Wetan II elementary school. Elementary school children at 4th and 5th grade and mother of elementary school children with 104 children were eligible and willing to participate. After the completion of interventions, significant improvement in delta-mean and effectiveness observed in attitude, subjective norm, perceived behavioral control, intention, knowledge, and fish consumption (p < 0.001). The 3 months of nutrition education intervention based on the theory of planned behavior significantly increase fish consumption among elementary school children. The increased consumption was believed to be related to the increase in children’s knowledge and attitude towards consuming fish.

Background: Stunting is one of nutritional problem that causes long-term health problems. Based on the result of Riskesdas, there has been an increase in stunting prevalence from 35,6% in 2010 to 37,2% in 2013 which means that 1 in 3 indonesian children are stunting. Lamongan was one of hundred’s stunting priority regency in Indonesia. This study aims to analyze the effect of nutrition education to incerase mother’s knowledge related stunting.Objective: The method used in this research is Quasi Experiment by designing one group pre-test and post-test design. The sampling technique used was total sampling method in which all mothers with children aged 0 - 59 months in Gempolmanis village, Sambeng District, Lamongan Regency. The Gempolmanis village was purposively chosen.Methods: The dependent T test was used to determine the effect of nutrition education on maternal knowledge. The response rate of this study was 86.4%.Results: The results showed at the beginning of the session, the majority of mothers still had sufficient knowledge (57.9%) and less (36.8%). Only 5.3% have good nutrition knowledge, but after nutrition education, 68.4% of mothers have a good level of knowledge related to stunting. The mean score before nutrition education was 60.5 + 18.9 and increased to 88.4 + 13.8 after nutrition education (p <0.05).Conclusion: It can be concluded that nutrition education can significantly increase maternal knowledge related to the prevention of stunting in children at the golden age. Regular nutrition education by the nutrition officer or posyandu cadre needs to be done as an effort to improve stunting. ABSTRAK Latar belakang : Stunting merupakan salah satu permasalahan gizi dengan dampak kesehatan yang serius. Hasil riskesdas terbaru di tahun 2018 menunjukkan prevalensi stunting sebesar 30,8%, yang artinya 1 dari 3 anak indonesia masih mengalami stunting.  Kabupaten Lamongan merupakan satu dari 100 kabupaten prioritas stunting di Indonesia.Tujuan : Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis pengaruh pemberian pendidikan gizi terhadap pengetahuan ibu tentang Pencegahan Stunting. Metode : Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Quasi Eksperimen dengan rancangan one group pre-test and post-test design. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan metode total sampling yaitu mengambil semua ibu dengan balita usia 0 – 59 bulan di desa Gempolmanis, Kecamatan Sambeng, Kabupaten Lamongan sebanyak 22 ibu balita. Pemilihan desa Gempolmanis dipilih secara purposive. Uji T dependen digunakan untuk mengukur perbedaan tingkat pengetahuan ibu setelah diberikan pendidikan gizi. Response rate penelitian ini sebesar 86,4%.Hasil : Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pada awal sesi sebelum diberikan pendidikan gizi tentang stunting, mayoritas ibu masih memiliki pengetahuan yang cukup (57,9%) dan kurang (36,8%). Hanya 5,3% yang memiliki pengetahuan gizi baik, namun setelah edukasi gizi, 68,4% ibu memiliki tingkat pengetahuan baik. Rerata skor sebelum edukasi sebesar 60,5 + 18,9 dan meningkat menjadi 88,4 + 13,8 setelah edukasi gizi (P<0.05).Kesimpulan : Dapat disimpulkan bahwa pendidikan gizi secara signifikan dapat meningkatkan pengetahuan ibu terkait pencegahan stunting pada anak di usia golden period. Pemberian edukasi gizi secara berkala baik oleh petugas gizi puskesmas maupun kader posyandu perlu dilakukan sebagai upaya pencegahan stunting.

Health status of workers are crucial to maintain their productivity and it will impact on output per capita. This systematic review aims to evaluate the effectiveness of nutrition and health intervention in workplace setting and implication for further research. Articles were searched from PubMed, PMC, Cochrane Library (Trial), Science-direct, and Google scholar published from 2005-2020. Inclusion criteria was the intervention subject aged 19-64 years old with experimental randomized control trial (RCT) or non-RCT study design. Several keywords used for literature searching including “nutrition education in workplace”, “nutrition intervention in workplace”, and “workplace intervention”. Data were narratively described. Eleven studies were meet inclusion and exclusion criteria and further be reviewed. Five studies focused on intervene food environment in the workplace, four studies focused on nutrition education using different channels i.e., workplace visiting and emails, the other two interventions were objected to decrease health risk regarding occupational health. Positive outcomes were recorded for all workplace intervention, including increase in nutrition knowledge, self-efficacy, reduce risky behavior, and also improved body mass index and blood biomarkers. Workplace nutrition and health intervention proved to be an effective way to enhanced balanced nutrition behavior and improve health status. This study implies an urgency of nutrition and health intervention in a workplace.

Purpose: Aims to observe the relation of the pattern of energy-dense food consumption, snacking, and access to food with the obesity in children aged 9-12 years.Design/methodology/approach: A cross sectional study done in elementary school in Surabaya, Indonesia involving 110 students. Pattern of energy-dense food consumption was retrieved from FFQ and energy from snacking was collected through repeated 24 hours food recall. Linear regression analysis was performed with α =0.05. Findings:Obesity prevalence was 50.0% and obese children proved to have higher energy intake compared to non-obese children (2131.7 kcal ± 405.758 SD vs. 1753.4 kcal ± 452.673 SD, respectively). Energy-dense food consumption pattern that related to obesity was consumption of chocolate (p=0.028; R 2 =0.044); white sugar (p=0.017; R 2 =0.051); snack bar (p=0.014; R 2 =0.055); fried foods (p=0.001; R 2 =0.096); sweetened condensed milk (p=0.022; R 2 =0.048); fruit syrup (p=0.008; R 2 =0.063); and biscuits (p=0.029; R 2 =0.044). Highest frequency of energy-dense food intake was flavoured drinks with intake as much as 27 times per month (p=0.051). Energy intake from snacking also found to be higher in obese children (698.6 kcal ± 275180 SD) compared to non-obese children (494.9 kcal ± 280.952 SD). Research limitations/implications:An observational study hence causation between variables cannot be justified. Practical implications:The result can be referred as an input for the inclusion and exclusion of foods permitted at school-setting in order to prevent childhood obesity.Originality/value: The result adds more evidence related to school food environment in urban developing country setting which are under studied.

Stunting leads to the poor cognitive development, increases the risk of child mortality, and elevates the risk of non-communicable diseases. This study aimed to determine the magnitude of double burden of malnutrition (DBM) in the urban poor setting in Indonesia and investigate its predictors. This was a cross-sectional study involving 436 mothers proportionally chosen from 16 integrated health posts in Surabaya, Indonesia. The households were categorized into the two groups based on the body mass index (BMI) of mother and the height-for-age z-score (HAZ) of child; households without DBM and household with DBM. Energy, carbohydrate, protein, and fat intake were obtained using 24-h food recall and socioeconomic status was measured using a structured questionnaire. Data on socioeconomic status were educational level of mother and occupation, household income, and food expenditure. The prevalence of household with DBM was 27.5%; 12.4% pair stunted children and normal weight mother; 45.6% pair of overweight/obese mother and normal height children. The logistic regression analysis showed significant differences in the education level and occupation of mother, protein intake of the children, and fat intake of the mother between households with and without DBM. This study offers an important insight to improve the knowledge of mother related to the protein intake of children to reduce stunting risk and fat intake of mother to prevent over-nutrition.

Wild foods and underutilized foods are a significant source of nutrients and bioactive components for rural and poor households in food insecure areas. Moringa oleifera (or “Kelor” in Indonesia) is a wild plant that can be utilized as a raw food material. The purpose of this study was to analyse preference of and nutrition and bioactive contents in crispy noodles supplemented with M. oleifera leaf puree. This work applied a randomized experimental study design with six repetitions. To determine the difference between formulas (F0=0%, F1=10%, and F2=20%), organoleptic properties with hedonic test and data concerning organoleptics were processed using Friedman test and Wilcoxon signed-rank test (α=0.05). An organoleptic test from 30 untrained panellists showed that formula F1 (10% of M. oleifera leaf puree) was the most preferred level added to the crispy noodles. The content of M. oleifera leaf puree significantly influenced the level of aroma and taste of the crispy noodles (P<0.05), but not the texture or colour. In addition, crispy noodles supplemented with M. oleifera leaf puree provided enough nutrients (protein, vitamin A and C, calcium, and zinc), as well as polyphenol and flavonoid substances, which show several health benefits. Taken together, crispy noodles supplemented with M. oleifera leaf puree is a promising functional snack for children at food insecure areas.