Background Nutrition is a crucial factor that can impact morbidity and mortality in older people living with HIV (PLWH). Studies on nutritional risk and nutritional status in all age groups in PLWH have been conducted. However, few studies have focused on nutritional risk in older PLWH. This study aimed to describe the nutritional risk and nutritional status in older PLWH, and explore factors associated with nutritional risk and undernutrition status. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study. We recruited participants aged 50 years or older from the Third People’s Hospital of Shenzhen from January 2016 to May 2019. Nutritional risk and nutritional status were evaluated by the Nutritional Risk Screening 2002 (NRS 2002) tool, body mass index (BMI), albumin level, and prealbumin level on the first day of admission. Logistic regression models were used to identify the factors associated with undernutrition based on the BMI, albumin, and prealbumin criteria. Results A total of 196 older PLWH were included in the analysis. We found that 36% of hospitalized older PLWH had nutritional risk, and 12–56% of them had undernutrition based on the BMI, albumin, and prealbumin criteria. An increased nutritional risk score was associated with older age (β = 0.265 CI [0.021, 0.096], P = 0.002), a higher viral load (β = − 0.186 CI [− 0.620, − 0.037], P = 0.028), a lower BMI (β = − 0.287 CI [− 0.217, − 0.058], P = 0.001), and a lower albumin level (β = − 0.324 CI [− 8.896, − 1.230], P = 0.010). The CD4 count was associated with the prevalence of undernutrition based on the albumin criterion (OR = 15.637 CI [2.742, 89.178], P = 0.002). Conclusion Our study indicated that nutritional screening, assessment, and management should be routinely performed in hospitalized older PLWH. HIV-specific measures should be used to assess nutritional risk, and albumin, BMI, and other assessments should be used in combination to identify undernutrition in older PLWH.
A: K-mer survey of P. haematocheila genome. B: Heat map of Hi-C assembly of P. haematocheila . Red blocks refer to intensity of interactions among sequences, blue blocks refer to boundaries of chromosomes, and green blocks refer to assembly scaffolds. C: Genome synteny analysis between novel chromosome sequences and top 30 longest contigs of previously published P. haematocheila genome. D: Distribution of GC content and sequencing depth of P. haematocheila genome. E: Statistics of exon number and length of different gene structures in P. haematocheila and several reference species. Different colors represent different species. F: Gene family cluster results of P. haematocheila and nine other reference species. Abscissa represents species and ordinate represents number of genes. G: Phylogenetic tree estimates of divergence time and interval based on sequence identity are indicated at each node. Estimated number of orthologous gene groups in most recent common ancestral (MRCA) species is shown at root. Numbers of gene families expanded or contracted in each lineage are shown on corresponding branch; +, expansion; −, contraction. H: GO enrichment analysis of significantly expanded gene families. I: KEGG pathway enrichment analysis of significantly expanded gene families.
Antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) are abundant in diverse ecosystems and the resistome may constitute a health threat for humans and animals. It is necessary to uncover ARGs and the accumulation mechanisms from different environmental sources. Various habitats, such as soil, seawater and fish intestines, could overflow a considerable amount of ARGs and the horizontal transfer of ARGs may occur in these environments. Thus, we assessed the composition and abundance of ARGs in seawater, soil and intestinal tracts of Cynoglossus semilaevis collected from different sites in Bohai Bay (China), including a natural area and three fish farms, through a high-throughput qPCR array. In total, 243 ARGs were uncovered, governing the resistance to aminoglycoside, multidrug, beta-lactamase, macrolide lincosamide streptomycin B (MLSB), chloramphenicol, sulfonamide, tetracycline, vancomycin and other antibiotics. The action mechanisms of these ARGs were mainly antibiotic deactivation, efflux pump and cellular protection. Importantly, similar ARGs were detected in different samples but show dissimilar enrichment levels. ARGs were highly enriched in the fish farms compared to the natural sea area, with more genes detected, while some ARGs were detected only in the natural sea area samples, such as bacA-02, tetL-01 and ampC-06. Regarding sample types, water samples from all locations shared more ARGs in common and held the highest average level of ARGs detected than in the soil and fish samples. Mobile genetic elements (MGEs) were also detected in three sample types, in the same trend as ARGs. This is the first study comparing the resistome of different samples of seawater, soil and intestines of C. semilaevis. This study contributes to a better understanding of ARG dissemination in water sources and could facilitate the effective control of ARG contamination in the aquatic environment.
The half-smooth tongue sole, Cynoglossus semilaevis, is an important cultured flatfish species. Vibrio harveyi is a common pathogen to this fish, which may result in great economic loss to C. semilaevis culture industry. piRNAs, a non-coding RNAs with 26-32 nt, have been regarded as promising biomarkers for cancer diagnosis and fish diseases. Here, we extracted the RNA from mucus of C. semilaevis and constructed the differential expression profiles of piRNAs between the sick fish (MS) and healthy fish (MC). We identified 45,696 differentially expressed piRNAs including 22,735 upregulated piRNAs and 22,961 down-regulated piRNAs in MS group compared with MC group. The GO enrichment and KEGG pathway enrichment analyses of the differential piRNAs were carried out. The result showed immunity-related target genes mainly involved in immune system process, response to stimulus, cell killing, immune system, infectious diseases and cell growth and death. The 10 most differentially expressed piRNAs were chosen to perform the qRT-PCR, while only seven piRNAs were consistent with the sequence result. Compared with MC group, the expression levels of piR-mmu-72173>piR-rno-62831>piR-xtr-704880, piR-dme-15546979, piR-mmu-49941660, piR-mmu-29283297 and piR-mmu-1758399 were significantly lower, and piR-gga-10574 and piR-gga-134812 were significantly higher in MS group.These piRNAs may be potential biomarkers during the V. harveyi infection of C. semilaevis. This study could provide a new method to identify the infection status of C. semilaevis and understand better about the innate and adaptive immune system in C. semilaevis during bacterial infection.
In this work, a new type of nanomaterial sensing acupuncture needle was developed to improve patient comfort and treatment effectiveness. Based on the convenient electrochemical casting process, multilayer nano-tapered holes were constructed on the needle surface to form a porous nano-sensing acupuncture needle (PNAN), which further increases the interface area of the acupuncture needle. To evaluate the effect of PNAN-induced anesthesia on cognitive function after one-lung ventilation and thoracotomy, 60 patients with esophageal cancer undergoing thoracotomy were randomly divided into an acupuncture-induced anesthesia (AIA) group and a conventional anesthesia (CA) group. The recovery time for cognitive function and the incidence of cognitive impairment in the PNAN-induced anesthesia group after one-lung ventilation and thoracotomy were significantly lower than those of the CA group (P < 0.05). The scores from the Mini Mental State Examination Scale (MMSE) and Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) for the AIA group were lower than the preoperative scores and were better than those for the CA group (P < 0.05). In addition, after one-lung ventilation and thoracotomy, the concentrations of cytokines and catecholamines (CAs) in both groups were lower than the preoperative values, and the levels of cytokines and CAs in the AIA group were significantly lower than those of the CA group. Therefore, acupuncture anesthesia based on a nanomaterial sensor can significantly improve the cognitive function of patients after one-lung ventilation and thoracotomy, inhibit inflammatory factors, and provide an optimal curative effect.
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