Rational drug use is a very warm discussion in the health care system in Indonesia. This is possible because of reports of the occurrence of errors in the selection and use of drugs freely by the community without based on adequate knowledge, causing undesirable side effects. Real Teaching Action (RTA) is an effort to improve people's knowledge through short learning activities about drug information. The information conveyed among others is about the classification of drugs, the steps to use the drug "DAGUSIBU" (Get, Use, Save and Dispose of), self-medication and route of administration of the drug. The measurement method used is a pretest and posttest design to measure the success rate of the program which is divided into 5 measurements. The location used as an activity is in Sendang Village, Purwantoro Subdistrict, Wonogiri Regency, Central Java, with the target of housewives who are then referred to as AKU (Superior Family Pharmacists) cadres. The results of the activity are known to have increased the knowledge of respondents through pretest-posttest with a percentage value of 27.19%-97%. So it can be concluded that the RTA approach is able to provide a good understanding of AKU cadre training
Community-Acquired Pneumonia (CAP) remains an important infectious disease due to its impact on patient outcomes. This study aimed to investigate the clinical outcome and especially costs of hospitalization for community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) concerning empirical antibiotics. This research was conducted to estimate the cost-effectiveness of levofloxacin, ceftriaxone, and a combination of ceftriaxone and azithromycin aiming to improve the clinical outcome of CAP. A retrospective observational study was conducted in secondary care, University Hospital in Surakarta, Central Java, Indonesia. The study enrolled all CAP patients hospitalized in the period January until December 2018, with ages ≥ 18 years old, and at least used antibiotic for three days. We compared costeffectiveness, as measured by total cost and proportion of patients successfully treated, of 3 empirical antibiotics for inpatient CAP, involving ceftriaxone, levofloxacin, or combination ceftriaxone + azithromycin. Our analyses were conducted based on a healthcare perspective. In all groups were analyzed based on severity classification (Pneumonia Severity Index score). The use of levofloxacin instead of ceftriaxone improved clinical response, but it is more expensive. Levofloxacin was the most cost-effective based on ACER value. Treatment using a combination of ceftriaxone + azithromycin was more expensive without added benefit. Based on this study, the use of levofloxacin as the first-line therapy for CAP could be maintained because it was more cost-effective than other alternatives. Since the limitations, a study on a broader population is needed to confirm these findings.
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