A variety of surface modification methods are applied to modify titanium implants to improve their biological activity. Micro-arc oxidation (MAO) can relatively simply and efficiently produce porous coatings with high bioactivity and bond strength on titanium surfaces. However, there is no conclusion about the effect of coatings with different pore sizes produced by MAO on bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). To study the effect of different pore sizes on BMSCs, rat BMSCs were applied to detect the effect of different pore sizes prepared by MAO on cell adhesion and osteogenic differentiation. Three groups of coatings with different pore sizes were successfully prepared, and the pore size was within the range of 3-10 mm. Importantly, the expression of adhesion-related protein integrin b1 and osteogenic-related proteins OSX and ALP increased along with the increase in pore size. This study showed that the porous coating prepared by MAO promotes BMSCs adhesion and osteogenic differentiation. It reveals that the pore size is in the range of 3-10 mm and the larger pores are more beneficial for BMSCs adhesion and osteogenic differentiation. This study is instructive for optimizing the design of biomedical implant surfaces.
Let L
n denote a linear pentagonal chain with 2n pentagons. The penta‐graphene (penta‐C), denoted by R
n is the graph obtained from L
n by identifying the opposite lateral edges in an ordered way, whereas the pentagonal Möbius ring Rn′ is the graph obtained from the L
n by identifying the opposite lateral edges in a reversed way. In this paper, through the decomposition theorem of the normalized Laplacian characteristic polynomial and the relationship between its roots and the coefficients, an explicit closed‐form formula of the multiplicative degree‐Kirchhoff index (resp. Kemeny's constant, the number of spanning trees) of R
n is obtained. Furthermore, it is interesting to see that the multiplicative degree‐Kirchhoff index of R
n is approximately 13 of its Gutman index. Based on our obtained results, all the corresponding results are obtained for Rn′.
Accurate monitoring of burial depth can effectively avoid severe
submarine cable failures. For existing submarine cable burial depth
detections, they are not only difficult to implement but also impossible
to monitor in real time. In this contribution, we propose a real-time
monitoring method for the burial depth of direction current submarine
cable based on the equivalent thermal circuit and optical fiber
monitoring temperature: establish an equivalent thermal circuit from the
built-in optical fiber to the outer sheath, use the optical fiber
monitoring temperature to calculate the outer sheath temperature, then
calculate the seabed soil thermal resistance from the core loss, the
outer sheath temperature and the seabed surface temperature, and then
calculate the burial depth of submarine cable according to the
relationship between the seabed soil thermal resistance and the burial
depth in IEC-60287 standard. We simulate the optical fiber monitoring
temperature by finite element analysis, and put forward correction
factors to determine the thermal resistance of the bedding layer and the
armour layer according to the simulation results. Our results show that
the maximum error of detection does not exceed 8cm when the depth of
burial lies in the range from 0.5m to 1.5m under any current load.
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