Adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) can maintain self-renewal and enhanced multidifferentiation potential through the release of a variety of paracrine factors and extracellular vesicles, allowing them to repair damaged organs and tissues. Consequently, considerable attention has increasingly been paid to their application in tissue engineering and organ regeneration. Here, we provide a comprehensive overview of the current status of ADSC preparation, including harvesting, isolation, and identification. The advances in preclinical and clinical evidence-based ADSC therapy for bone, cartilage, myocardium, liver, and nervous system regeneration as well as skin wound healing are also summarized. Notably, the perspectives, potential challenges, and future directions for ADSC-related researches are discussed. We hope that this review can provide comprehensive and standardized guidelines for the safe and effective application of ADSCs to achieve predictable and desired therapeutic effects.
As imple and practical method of fluoroalkylthiolation using fluoroalkylsulfonyl chlorides (R f SO 2 Cl, R f = CF 3 ,C 4 F 9 ,C 8 F 17 ,C F 2 Ha nd CH 2 CF 3 ) has been developed. These easy-to-handle reagents are powerful and can be used for electrophilic fluoroalkylthiolation of electron-rich arenesa nd thiols using diethyl phosphitea sr educing agent.
Am ethod for direct difluoromethylthiolation of Ar À Hb onds is introduced. Thes tablea nd easy-to-handleH CF 2 SO 2 Na is reduced with (EtO) 2 P(O)H in the presence of TMSCl to generate HCF 2 S + + for the regioselective difluoromethylthiolation of aromatic compoundsi ncluding indoles, pyrroles,and activatedbenzenes. This method is also applicable for the trifluoromethylthiolationw ith CF 3 SO 2 Na and the perfluoroalkylthiolation with R f SO 2 Na of arenesa nd heteroarenes.R eaction mechanisms associated with the metal-free electrophilic fluoroalkylthiolation reactions are also discussed.
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