No abstract

Hybrid systems of hydrogels and metals with tough bonding may find widespread applications. Here, a simple and universal method to obtain strong adhesion between hydrogels and diverse metal surfaces, such as titanium, steel, nickel, tantalum, argentum, and aluminum, with adhesion energy up to >1000 J m−2 is reported. To achieve such, the metal surfaces are instantly modified with a linker molecule via soaking, dip‐coating, or drop‐casting. The designed linker molecule has a carboxylic acid group to bind with a metal surface, and a methacrylic group to crosslink with a hydrogel, thus bridging the interface between them. In addition, by introducing a stimulus‐responsive disulfide bond into the linker molecule, the on‐demand debonding between toughly bonded hydrogel and metal surface, which is enabled by reductive cleavage of the disulfide chemical linkage, is also demonstrated. More interestingly, after the reductive debonding, the resulting metal surface with free thiol groups can be easily rebonded with a second hydrogel without any further surface modification. The strategy may provide unique opportunities in designing hybrid devices that are suitable for complex and dynamic environments.

Adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) can maintain self-renewal and enhanced multidifferentiation potential through the release of a variety of paracrine factors and extracellular vesicles, allowing them to repair damaged organs and tissues. Consequently, considerable attention has increasingly been paid to their application in tissue engineering and organ regeneration. Here, we provide a comprehensive overview of the current status of ADSC preparation, including harvesting, isolation, and identification. The advances in preclinical and clinical evidence-based ADSC therapy for bone, cartilage, myocardium, liver, and nervous system regeneration as well as skin wound healing are also summarized. Notably, the perspectives, potential challenges, and future directions for ADSC-related researches are discussed. We hope that this review can provide comprehensive and standardized guidelines for the safe and effective application of ADSCs to achieve predictable and desired therapeutic effects.

No abstract

In diffraction imaging, one is tasked with reconstructing a signal from its power spectrum. To resolve the ambiguity in this inverse problem, one might invoke prior knowledge about the signal, but phase retrieval algorithms in this vein have found limited success. One alternative is to create redundancy in the measurement process by illuminating the signal multiple times, distorting the signal each time with a different mask. Despite several recent advances in phase retrieval, the community has yet to construct an ensemble of masks which uniquely determines all signals and admits an efficient reconstruction algorithm. In this paper, we leverage the recently proposed polarization method to construct such an ensemble. We also present numerical simulations to illustrate the stability of the polarization method in this setting. In comparison to a state-of-the-art phase retrieval algorithm known as PhaseLift, we find that polarization is much faster with comparable stability.

No abstract

Let G be a compact group and let fij ∈ L 2 (G). We define the Non-Unique Games (NUG) problem as finding g1, . . . , gn ∈ G to minimize n i,j=1 fij gig −1 j . We devise a relaxation of the NUG problem to a semidefinite program (SDP) by taking the Fourier transform of fij over G, which can then be solved efficiently. The NUG framework can be seen as a generalization of the little Grothendieck problem over the orthogonal group and the Unique Games problem and includes many practically relevant problems, such as the maximum likelihood estimator to registering bandlimited functions over the unit sphere in d-dimensions and orientation estimation in cryo-Electron Microscopy.

Methylation of RNA and DNA, notably in the forms of N6-methyladenosine (m 6 A) and 5-methylcytosine (5mC) respectively, plays crucial roles in diverse biological processes. Currently, there is a lack of knowledge regarding the cross-talk between m 6 A and 5mC regulators. Thus, we systematically performed a pan-cancer genomic analysis by depicting the molecular correlations between m 6 A and 5mC regulators across~11,000 subjects representing 33 cancer types. For the first time, we identified cross-talk between m 6 A and 5mC methylation at the multiomic level. Then, we further established m 6 A/5mC epigenetic module eigengenes by combining hub m 6 A/5mC regulators and informed a comprehensive epigenetic state. The model reflected status of the tumor-immune-stromal microenvironment and was able to predict patient survival in the majority of cancer types. Our results lay a solid foundation for epigenetic regulation in human cancer and pave a new road for related therapeutic targets.