The vital importance of rapid and accurate detection of food borne pathogens has driven the development of biosensor to prevent food borne illness outbreaks. Electrochemical DNA biosensors offer such merits as rapid response, high sensitivity, low cost, and ease of use. This review covers the following three aspects: food borne pathogens and conventional detection methods, the design and fabrication of electrochemical DNA biosensors and several techniques for improving sensitivity of biosensors. We highlight the main bioreceptors and immobilizing methods on sensing interface, electrochemical techniques, electrochemical indicators, nanotechnology, and nucleic acid-based amplification. Finally, in view of the existing shortcomings of electrochemical DNA biosensors in the field of food borne pathogen detection, we also predict and prospect future research focuses from the following five aspects: specific bioreceptors (improving specificity), nanomaterials (enhancing sensitivity), microfluidic chip technology (realizing automate operation), paper-based biosensors (reducing detection cost), and smartphones or other mobile devices (simplifying signal reading devices).
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Self-healing materials arouse much attention because of their recoverable morphologies during (dis)charge. Herein, we report an effective and practical synthesis strategy that can adequately utilize the self-healing feature to achieve advanced integrative performance. The hollow Ga 2 O 3 @nitrogen-doped carbon quantum dot (H-Ga 2 O 3 @N-CQD) nanospheres are synthesized via a facile approach as an anode material for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). In this anode, the self-healing capability is derived from the Ga generated in the conversion reaction. On account of the feasible structure design and the binding N-CQD coating, the material structure can be well preserved during (dis)charging. As a result, the anode material delivers an initial discharge capacity of 1348.5 mAh g −1 at 0.1 A g −1 and an invertible capacity of 700.5 mAh g −1 under 0.5 A g −1 after 500 cycles. Endowed by the unique structural design, the H-Ga 2 O 3 @N-CQDs can deliver high-current-density circulation performance and long-term cycle stability, which has prospects for large-scale applications in high-energy-density LIBs. Meanwhile, the rational framework design offers new insights into the structurebuilding construction of self-healing materials.
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