Metabolic reprogramming is a hallmark of cancer. However, systematic characterizations of metabolites in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) are still lacking. Our study profiled the polar metabolome and lipidome in 330 TNBC samples and 149 paired normal breast tissues to construct a large metabolomic atlas of TNBC. Combining with previously established transcriptomic and genomic data of the same cohort, we conducted a comprehensive analysis linking TNBC metabolome to genomics. Our study classified TNBCs into three distinct metabolomic subgroups: C1, characterized by the enrichment of ceramides and fatty acids; C2, featured with the upregulation of metabolites related to oxidation reaction and glycosyl transfer; and C3, having the lowest level of metabolic dysregulation. Based on this newly developed metabolomic dataset, we refined previous TNBC transcriptomic subtypes and identified some crucial subtype-specific metabolites as potential therapeutic targets. The transcriptomic luminal androgen receptor (LAR) subtype overlapped with metabolomic C1 subtype. Experiments on patient-derived organoid and xenograft models indicate that targeting sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), an intermediate of the ceramide pathway, is a promising therapy for LAR tumors. Moreover, the transcriptomic basal-like immune-suppressed (BLIS) subtype contained two prognostic metabolomic subgroups (C2 and C3), which could be distinguished through machine-learning methods. We show that N-acetyl-aspartyl-glutamate is a crucial tumor-promoting metabolite and potential therapeutic target for high-risk BLIS tumors. Together, our study reveals the clinical significance of TNBC metabolomics, which can not only optimize the transcriptomic subtyping system, but also suggest novel therapeutic targets. This metabolomic dataset can serve as a useful public resource to promote precision treatment of TNBC.

All-solid-state lithium metal batteries (ASSLiMB) have been considered as one of the most promising next-generation high-energy storage systems that replace liquid organic electrolytes by solid-state electrolytes (SSE). Among many different types of SSE, NASICON-structured Li1+x Al x Ge2–x (PO3)4 (LAGP) shows high a ionic conductivity, high stability against moisture, and wide working electrochemical windows. However, it is unstable when it is in contact with molten Li, hence largely limiting its applications in ASSLiMB. To solve this issue, we have studied reaction processes and mechanisms between LAGP and molten Li, based on which a failure mechanism is hence proposed. With better understanding the failure mechanism, a thin thermosetting Li salt polymer, P­(AA-co-MA)­Li, layer is coated on the bare LAGP pellet before contacting with molten Li. To further increase the ionic conductivity of P­(AA-co-MA)­Li, LiCl is added in P­(AA-co-MA)­Li. A symmetric cell of Li/interface/LAGP/interface/Li is prepared using molten Li–Sn alloy and galvanically cycled at current densities of 15, 30, and 70 μA cm–2 for 100 cycles, showing stable low overpotentials of 0.036, 0.105, and 0.257 V, respectively. These electrochemical results demonstrate that the interface coating of P­(AA-co-MA)Li can be an effective method to avoid an interfacial reaction between the LAGP electrolyte and molten Li.

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Dielectric materials with high permittivity are strongly demanded for various technological applications. While polarization inherently exists in ferroelectric barium titanate (BaTiO3), its high permittivity can only be achieved by chemical and/or structural modification. Here, we report the room-temperature colossal permittivity (~760,000) obtained in xNd: BaTiO3 (x = 0.5 mol%) ceramics derived from the counterpart nanoparticles followed by conventional pressureless sintering process. Through the systematic analysis of chemical composition, crystalline structure and defect chemistry, the substitution mechanism involving the occupation of Nd3+ in Ba2+ -site associated with the generation of Ba vacancies and oxygen vacancies for charge compensation has been firstly demonstrated. The present study serves as a precedent and fundamental step toward further improvement of the permittivity of BaTiO3-based ceramics.

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Heterogeneous Zn/Co-ZIF-L membranes were prepared through the successive growth of Zn-ZIF-L and Co-ZIF-L on the macroporous ceramic supports, and the obtained heterogeneous membranes showed improved hydrophilicity and anti-bacterial adhesion.

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We rewrite the stochastic response surface method proposed in Regis and Shoemaker (2007) in the context of our problem in Algorithm S.1. To emphasis that the long-run average operational cost C is a function of the reallocation and replacement thresholds (L, M ) and it is evaluated from simulations, we write it in Algorithm S.1 as Ĉ(L, M ). Recall that for a fixed combination of (L, M ), the simulation is replicated for m times. The estimated cost is then computed by Equation ( 12) (known degradation rate) or (13) (unknown degradation rate) in the main text. If the stochastic kriging model is used as the response surface, we use the two-stage estimation method in Ankenman et al. ( 2010) for fitting the nm simulation outputs, where we assume a Gaussian correlation structure as with Zhang et al. (2016). If the radial basis function (RBF) is used as the response surface, we use the method in Regis and Shoemaker (2007) for the data fitting.At step 4 of Algorithm S.1, we need to give a score to each candidate point in Ω n to select which points being further evaluated from simulations. In this study, we follow the procedure in Regis and Shoemaker (2007) to evaluate a candidate point from two criteria. First, we compute s max