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PurposeTo compare the safety and efficiency of stent assisted coiling (SAC) with non-SAC for the management of ruptured intracranial aneurysms.MethodsA meta-analysis that compared SAC with coiling alone and balloon assisted coiling was conducted by database searching. The primary outcomes of this study were immediate occlusion and progressive thrombosis rate, overall perioperative complication rate, and angiographic recurrence. Secondary outcomes included mortality at discharge, hemorrhagic and ischemic complications, and favorable clinical outcome at discharge and at follow-up.ResultsEight retrospective cohort studies with 1408 ruptured intracranial aneurysms (SAC=499; non-SAC=909) were included. The SAC group tended to show a lower immediate complete occlusion rate than the non-SAC group (54.3% vs 64.2%; RR 0.90; 95% CI 0.83 to 0.99; I2=17.4%) and achieved a significantly higher progressive complete rate at follow-up (73.4% vs 61.0%; RR 1.30; 95% CI 1.16 to 1.46; I2=40.5%) and a lower recurrence rate (4.8% vs 16.6%; RR 0.28; 95% CI 0.16 to 0.50; I2=0.0%). With respect to safety concerns, overall perioperative complications in the SAC group were significantly higher (20.2% vs 13.1%; RR 1.70; 95% CI 1.36 to 2.11; I2=0.0%). However, no significant difference was found for mortality rate at discharge (6.3% vs 6.2%; RR 1.29; 95% CI 0.86 to 1.94; I2=0.0%), or favorable clinical outcome rate at discharge (73.4% vs 74.2%; RR 0.95; 95% CI 0.88 to 1.02; I2=12.1%) and at follow-up (85.6% vs 87.9%; RR 0.98; 95% CI 0.93 to 1.02; I2=0.0%; P=0.338).ConclusionsSAC has a lower recurrence rate than non-SAC. Nevertheless, further validation by well designed prospective studies is warranted for determining whether stents improve angiographic outcome without an increased complication rate or unfavorable clinical outcome.

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Background: The added value of intravenous alteplase in reperfusing ischemic brain tissue in patients undergoing endovascular treatment and directly presented to an endovascular treatment-capable hospital is uncertain. We conducted this post hoc analysis of a randomized trial (DIRECT-MT [Direct Intraarterial Thrombectomy in Order to Revascularize Acute Ischemic Stroke Patients With Large Vessel Occlusion Efficiently in Chinese Tertiary Hospitals: A Multicenter Randomized Clinical Trial]) to explore the association of intravenous alteplase, early (preendovascular treatment) reperfusion, and clinical outcome and to determine factors which may modify alteplase treatment effect on early reperfusion. Methods: In this post hoc analysis of the DIRECT-MT randomized trial comparing intravenous alteplase before endovascular treatment versus endovascular treatment only, 623 of 656 randomized patients, with adequate angiographic evaluation for early reperfusion assessment, were included. The association of intravenous alteplase and early reperfusion (defined as expanded Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction score ≥2a on angiogram) was assessed using unadjusted comparisons and multivariable logistic regression. Results: Among 623 patients included (317 received intravenous alteplase and 306 did not), early reperfusion occurred in 91 (15%) patients and was associated with better functional outcome (modified Rankin Scale score, 0–2 of 49/91 [54%] versus 178/531 [34%]; adjusted odds ratio, 1.92 [95% CI, 1.15–3.21]; P <0.001). Intravenous alteplase was independently associated with early reperfusion (59/317 [19%] versus 32/306 [10%]; adjusted odds ratio, 2.06 [95% CI, 1.27–3.33]; P =0.003), and the alteplase effect was modified by time from randomization to groin puncture (dichotomized by median, ≤33 minutes; adjusted odds ratio, 1.06 [95% CI, 0.53–2.10] versus >33 minutes; adjusted odds ratio, 4.07 [95% CI, 1.86–8.86]; P interaction =0.012). ConclusionS: For patients with large vessel occlusion directly presenting to an endovascular treatment–capable hospital, intravenous alteplase increases early reperfusion when endovascular treatment gets delayed more than approximately half an hour. Thus, intravenous alteplase should be considered if endovascular treatment delays are anticipated by the treating medical team. Registration: URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov ; Unique identifier: NCT03469206.

OBJECTIVE The authors compared the contemporary perioperative procedure-related complications between coiling with stent placement and coiling without stent placement for acutely ruptured aneurysms treated in a single center after improvement of interventional skills and strategy. METHODS In an institutional review board-approved protocol, 133 patients who underwent coiling with stent placement and 289 patients who underwent coiling without stent placement from January 2012 to December 2014 were consecutively reviewed retrospectively. Baseline characteristics, procedure-related complications and mortality rate, angiographic follow-up results, and clinical outcomes were compared between the two groups. Univariate analysis and logistic regression analysis were performed to determine the association of procedure-related complications of coiling with stent placement with potential risk factors. RESULTS The coiling/stent group and coiling/no-stent group were statistically comparable with respect to all baseline characteristics except for aneurysm location (p < 0.001) and parent artery configuration (p = 0.024). The immediate embolization results and clinical outcomes between the two groups showed no significant differences (p = 0.807 and p = 0.611, respectively). The angiographic follow-up results of the coiling in stent group showed a significant higher occlusion rate and lower recurrence rate compared with the coiling/no-stent group (82.5% vs 66.7%, 3.5% vs 14.5%, p = 0.007). Procedure-related intraoperative rupture and thrombosis, postoperative early rebleeding and thrombosis, and external ventricular drainage-related hemorrhagic event occurred in 3.0% (4 of 133), 2.3% (3 of 133), 1.5% (2 of 133), 0.7% (1 of 133), and 0.8% (1 of 133) of the coiling/stent group compared with 1.0% (3 of 289), 1.4% (4 of 289), 1.4% (4 of 289), and 0.7% (2 of 289) of the coiling/no-stent group, respectively (p = 0.288, p = 0.810, p = 1.000, p = 0.315, and p = 1.000, respectively). One patient presented with coil protrusion in the group of coiling without stent. The procedure-related mortality was 1.5% (2 of 133) in the coiling/stent group and 0.7% in the coiling/no-stent group (p = 0.796). Multivariable analysis showed no significant predictors for the total perioperative procedure-related complications, hemorrhagic complications, or ischemic complications. CONCLUSIONS The perioperative procedure-related complications and mortality rate did not differ significantly between the coiling/stent group and the coiling/no-stent group for patients with acutely ruptured aneurysms. Considering the better angiographic follow-up results, coiling with stent placement might be a feasible, safe, and promising option for treatment in the acute phase of selected wide-necked ruptured intracranial aneurysms.

ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of molecular hydrogen (H2) in a rat model subjected to optic nerve crush (ONC).MethodsWe tested the hypothesis that after optic nerve crush (ONC), retinal ganglion cell (RGC) could be protected by H2. Rats in different groups received saline or hydrogen-rich saline every day for 14 days after ONC. Retinas from animals in each group underwent measurements of hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining, cholera toxin beta (CTB) tracing, gamma synuclein staining, and terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining 2 weeks post operation. Flash visual evoked potentials (FVEP) and pupillary light reflex (PLR) were then tested to evaluate the function of optic nerve. The malondialdehyde (MDA) level in retina was evaluated.ResultsH&E, gamma synuclein staining and CTB tracing showed that the survival rate of RGCs in hydrogen saline-treated group was significantly higher than that in saline-treated group. Apoptosis of RGCs assessed by TUNEL staining were less observed in hydrogen saline-treated group. The MDA level in retina of H2 group was much lower than that in placebo group. Furthermore, animals treated with hydrogen saline showed better function of optic nerve in assessments of FVEP and PLR.ConclusionThese results demonstrated that H2 protects RGCs and helps preserve the visual function after ONC and had a neuroprotective effect in a rat model subjected to ONC.

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