Perovskite/silicon
tandem solar cells with high theoretical efficiency, low cost, and
the potential for simple mass production have received significant
attention. To maintain the current matching, increasing the open-circuit
voltage (V
OC) of the top and bottom subcells
is an effective route to enhance the efficiency of tandem solar cells
(TSCs). In this paper, we focus on a strategy for increasing the V
OC and simultaneously maintaining a high efficiency
of over 20%. Perovskite thin films with added Cs in traditional FAMA
cations have shown a large grain, smooth surface morphology, wider
band gap, and reduced defects, which together bring about a TSC V
OC of 1.78 V. In addition, the high minority
carrier lifetime (τeff) of bottom silicon solar cells
resulting from the good passivation of a-Si:H/c-Si interface enhance
the V
OC values to as high as 1.83 V, which
is the highest value for perovskite/silicon TSCs.
Owing to their rational distribution and adequate use of the solar spectrum and a high open-circuit voltage, perovskite/silicon-heterojunction (SHJ) tandem solar cells can exceed the theoretical limit of efficiency for crystalline silicon solar cells. To improve the performance of perovskite/SHJ tandem solar cells, the distribution of the solar spectrum and current matching between sub-cells must be examined and optimized. This study employs mixed perovskite as the top cell, which is prepared with pure N, N-dimethyl formamide (DMF), pure dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), and mixtures of these components in different volume ratios. The effect of different solvents on surface structure and the photoelectric properties of FACs perovskite materials are systematically examined. When the volume fraction of DMSO is 40%, a smooth, well passivated, high-quality perovskite film is obtained. Most importantly, light absorbance and transmittance are balanced by applying solvent engineering to optimize perovskite films in the tandem devices. This method can be further extended to a more complicated FAMACs perovskite/SHJ by delivering a power conversion efficiency of 22.80%. This study concludes that solvent engineering is an effective and simple method for modifying the performance of monolithic perovskite/ silicon tandem devices.
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