Phenolic lipids have been approved as safe and effective antioxidants, are also a potential ingredient for functional foods. However, the characteristics of gastrointestinal distribution and microbial hydrolysis in the gastrointestinal...
Typical crystalline thermoplastic resin polypropylene (PP) and amorphous thermoplastic copolymer acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) were respectively blended with selfmade novel low-melting point thermotropic liquid crystalline polyester (TLCP) that contained phosphorus and nitrogen elements (PN-TLCP). Then, the PP/PN-TLCP and ABS/ PN-TLCP in situ-reinforced composites were prepared. The effects of PN-TLCP on mechanical property, microstructure, processability, and thermal stability of these two composites were investigated. The results showed that the strength and rigidity of matrix were improved, indicating that PN-TLCP played a role of enhancement. Meanwhile, PN-TLCP could form microfibrillar structure in PP and ABS matrix, which was the main reason of the formation of in situ composites. In the forming process, PN-TLCP could induce PP resin to form -crystal, which was why the toughness of PP was improved. In addition, PP and ABS exhibited better processing flowability and their melt flow rates were respectively increased 18% and 56% after blending with PN-TLCP. Besides, PN-TLCP was highly beneficial to improving the thermal stabilities of matrix. Various tests showed that this kind of TLCP was suitable for crystalline thermoplastic resin PP and its composites would have more outstanding comprehensive properties.
The enzymatic pathway of xanthan depolymerization has been predicted previously; however, the β-glucosidase and unsaturated glucuronyl hydrolase in this system have not been cloned and characterized. This lack of knowledge hinders rational modification of xanthan and exploration of new applications. In this work, we report on the properties of Mibgl3, a xanthandegrading enzyme isolated from Microbacterium sp. XT11. Mibgl3 exhibits typical structural features of the GH3 family but shares low sequence identity with reported GH3 enzymes. The activity of Mibgl3 can be inhibited by Cu 2+ , Fe 2+ , Zn 2+ , and glucose. Unlike most β-glucosidases, Mibgl3 can tolerate a wide pH range and is activated by high concentrations of NaCl. This improves the commercial value of Mibgl3. In particular, Mibgl3 exhibits higher substrate specificity toward oligoxanthan than other β-glucosidases. Ion chromatography, ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography−mass spectrometry (UPLC−MS), and GC−MS results showed that Mibgl3 could effectively hydrolyze oligoxanthan to release glucose and glucuronate. Therefore, Mibgl3 might play an important role in xanthan depolymerization by functioning as hydrolase of both the xanthan backbone and sidechains. This knowledge of the enzymatic properties and hydrolysis mechanism of a β-glucosidase will be beneficial for future applications.
Phenolipids such as hydroxytyrosol-SCFA acyl esters (HTy-SEs)
and
tyrosol-SCFA acyl esters (TYr-SEs) with various alkyl chains lengths
(C1–C4) and different isomers (branched-chain and straight-chain)
were successfully synthesized. All esters were hydrolyzed by pancreatic
lipase to produce polyphenols (HTy and TYr) and SCFAs (iso-butyric
acid, acetic acid, propionic acid, and n-butyric acid). Moreover,
HTy-SEs (and TYr-SEs) could also be hydrolyzed to free HTy (and TYr)
and SCFAs by gut microbiota and Lactobacillus from mice feces. Especially, the hydrolysis rates showed positive
correlation with the carbon skeleton length, and the hydrolysis degree
(DH) of ester with a branched-chain fatty acid was weaker than that
of ester with a straight-chain fatty acid. Besides, the DH values
of TYr -SEs were significantly higher than those of HTy-SEs. Therefore,
through regulating the structures of polyphenols, carbon skeleton
lengths, and isomers, controlled-release of polyphenols and SCFAs
from phenolipids will be easily achieved.
Low molecular weight (<5 kDa) peptides from mussels (Mytilus edulis) (MPs) and the peptides from clams (Ruditapes philippinarum) (CPs) were prepared through enzymatic hydrolysis by proteases (dispase, pepsin, trypsin, alcalase and papain). Both the MPs and the CPs showed excellent in vitro scavenging ability of free radicals including OH, DPPH and ABTS in the concentration range of 0.625–10.000 mg/mL. By contrast, the MPs hydrolyzed by alcalase (MPs-A) and the CPs hydrolyzed by dispase (CPs-D) had the highest antioxidant activities. Furthermore, MPs-A and CPs-D exhibited protective capabilities against oxidative damage induced by H2O2 in HepG2 cells in the concentration range of 25–800 μg/mL. Meanwhile, compared with the corresponding indicators of the negative control (alcohol-fed) mice, lower contents of hepatic MDA and serums ALT and AST, as well as higher activities of hepatic SOD and GSH-PX were observed in experiment mice treated with MPs-A and CPs-D. The present results clearly indicated that Mytilus edulis and Ruditapes philippinarum are good sources of hepatoprotective peptides.
A security violation is referred to as a personal data breach when it leads to unintentional and unlawful destruction, loss, alteration, unauthorized disclosure, or access to personal data that has been communicated, stored, or otherwise processed in some other manner. Based on the principles of information security, we can define a breach of confidentiality as the unauthorized or accidental disclosure or access to personal data, a breach of integrity as the unauthorized or accidental alteration of personal data, and a breach of availability as the unauthorized or accidental loss of access to or destruction of personal data. This paper suggests designing an intelligent consensus policy management system based on the Markov chain approach. It is a novel system that would analyze the present status of the consensus elements for future development and anticipates the possibility of possible breaches of sensitive personal data. The evaluation of the proposed strategy is based on a policy scenario that involves a hypothetical consensus and a data breach of sensitive information to music streaming services.
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