Hydrolysis and transport characteristics of tyrosol-SCFA esters in rat intestine and blood: Two-step release of tyrosol and SCFAs to enhance the beneficial effects

Hydrolysis and Transport Characteristics of Phospholipid Complex of Alkyl Gallates: Potential Sustained Release of Alkyl Gallate and Gallic Acid

“…As for the physical mixtures of phospholipids and A-GAs, they showed the same law of transmembrane transports, which was also consistent with our previous studies. , Importantly, compared with the physical mixtures, phospholipid complexes exhibited lower K TAT‑1 values. For example, the K TAT‑1 values of EG-PC and EG&PC were 0.5138 and 0.7151 nmol min –1 .…”

“…Similarly, tyrosol acyl esters (TYr-Es) and hydroxytyrosol acyl esters (HTy-Es) were synthesized in our previous studies. 59,21 A linear relationship between the transport rates of TYr (or HTy) and the hydrolysis rate coefficients of various TYr-Es (or HTy-Es) was also found.…”

“…By contrast, TYr-Es and HTy-Es are produced by dehydration condensation reaction of polyphenols and fatty acids. Our previous studies , indicated that at the same molar concentration, the DHs of TYr-Es and HTy-Es were significantly higher than that of A-GAs. Meanwhile, the DH values of TYr-Es were higher than those of HTy-Es with the same carbon chain lengths.…”

“…Our previous research results showed that TYr-Es, HTy-Es and A-GAs can be slowly hydrolyzed by intestinal lipase, and their hydrolysis rates from small to large are as follows: A-GAs, HTy-Es and TYr-Es. 21,22 This is mainly due to the fact that compared to the fatty acid chains, the fatty alcohol chains have a lower affinity for binding to hydrophobic canyon of lipase, hindering the access of the backbone to the oxyanion hole, which is not conductive to play a catalytic role through the binding of hydrophobic canyon of lipase to the interface. 23 Therefore, it may be possible to achieve two-step sustained-release of polyphenols through synthesizing phenolipid-phospholipid complexes, further enhancing their bioavailability.…”

Preparation, Structural Analysis, and Intestinal Probiotic Properties of a Novel Oligosaccharide from Enzymatic Degradation of Huangshui Polysaccharide

“…Metabolites produced by gut microbiota, such as short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and indoles acting as "messengers" of the gut microbiota, influence the host's appetite, inflammatory response, and endocrine function, and ultimately regulate the host's metabolic activities. 12 Current research has shown that nondigestible components in food can affect the composition and activity of host gut microbiota, thereby impacting the host's health and physical functions. 13 Even so, there is no information on the intestinal probiotic properties of HS oligosaccharides (HSOs), the nondigestible substances.…”