Limnodrilus amblysetus sp.nov. (Tubificidae) is described and compared with other Chinese Limnodrilus species as well as Limnodrilus silvani which is recorded from California and Oregon, U.S.A. The presence of other previously known Chinese species is confirmed. Polymorphism in the development of dorsal chaetae, already known for the Naididae and for Tubificinae (Tubificidae), is now suspected for Rhyacodrilinae (Tubificidae). The oligochaete fauna of China resembles that of India, Japan,and the eastern Soviet Union. Some tropical and subtropical Naididae may yet be discovered from the southern provinces, some cold-water Tubificidae and Lumbriculidae from the northeast and those elevated parts of the far west of China that are not deserts.
The enigmatic Ilyodrilus masrix Brinkhurst, 1978, and Tectidrilus achaetus sp.nov. are described from the Guangzhou Reach of Pearl River, southern China. The first species is characterized by its greatly enlarged, eversible, feeding apparatus, and was previously known only from British Columbia, Canada. Tectidrilus achaetus is unique within the Tubificidae by lacking setae. A slightly modified definition of the, otherwise marine, genus Tectidrilus Erstus, 1982 is provided.
The species composition, distribution and abundance of the Tubificidae (8 spp.) and Naididae (at least 4 spp.) in the Guangzhou reach of the Lower Pearl River were investigated. Limnodrilus spp. (particularly L. hoffmeisteri) constitutes the greatest part in nearly all samples, which were taken in both clean and polluted parts of the reach. In the polluted sites, total oligochaete densities reach values of up to 700 000 ind. m-2. The importance and problems of using oligochaetes as indicators of organic pollution are discussed.
A new genus and species of freshwater heteronemertean, Amniclineus zhujiangensis, from the Zhujiang (Pearl River), People's Republic of China, is described and illustrated. The species is placed in the family Lineidae along with the existing freshwater heteronemertean taxa, with which its anatomy is compared.
Densities of the 8 most important species or genera of the 15 taxa found at a series of stations along the Guangzhou Reach of the Pearl River are given. Shannon-Weaver diversity index values were low throughout the area studied. No clear correlations were found between oligochaetes and NH3-N, or a combination of 6 chemical factors (COD, NH3-N, NO3-N, Cr, Pb, Hg). However, when the main groups of the benthos, including the oligochaetes, were taken together, and a BPI (Biological Pollution Index) approach used, a correlation between the macroinvertebrate community and the combined chemical factors was noted. Table I . Species of Oligochaeta found in the Guangzhou Reach of the Pearl River. Naididae Tubificidae Pristina acuminata Liang Pristina spp. Dero dorsalis Ferroniere D. digitata (Muller) D. nivea Aiyer Aulophorus furcatus (Muller) Branchiodrilus hortensis (Stephenson) Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri Claparede L. udekemianus Claparede L. caparedeianus Ratzel L. grandisetosus Nomura Branchiura sowerbyi Beddard Rhaycodrilus sodalis (Eisen) [ = R. sinicus (Chen)] Aulodrilus prothecatus Chen Teneridrilus mastix (Brinkhurst) (cf. Holmquist, 1985) Tectidrilus achaetus Erseus & Qi
Shading provided by buildings affects outdoor thermal environments and, therefore, influences the long-term thermal comfort of people in outdoor spaces. This study conducted several field experiments to analyze the outdoor thermal conditions on urban streets in central business district (CBD) of Beijing. The RayMan model was utilized for calculating Sky view factor (SVF) and outdoor thermal comfort using meteorological data of one year period. Analytical results indicate that slightly shaded areas (SVF > 0.5) typically have highly frequent hot conditions during summer, particularly at noon; however, highly shaded locations (SVF < 0.3) generally reduce the intra-urban air temperature in winter; moderately shaded areas (0.3 < SVF < 0.5) show the advantage for balancing the hot conditions in summer and cold conditions in winter throughout whole year. Sky view factor can be used as a comprehensive and practical urban planning index at local scale, i.e. urban canyon street and residential estate. It provides a novelty method on scientific planning and sustainable development of city.
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